
Class^iL2i2i5 
BooL.H^^ 




Rev G. C. H. HASSKARL, Ph. D. 



COPYEIGHT 

BY 

G. C. H. HASSKAEL, 
1891. 



HERKIMER, N. Y. : 
Press of H. P. Witherstine & Co. 

1891. 



How Did The Universe Onginate 



AND 



When Did Ttie World Become A 
Habitabie [arth ? 

THE TRUE ANSWER 

IN 

THE U&HT OF THE HEBREWBND GREEK SCRIPTURES.^ 

READ BEFORE 

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF THEOLOaY. 



Sketches on a Few of The Great Problems of Science, 
Philosophy, and Theology, 

^ BY 

REV. G. cflC'^^ PH. D., 

Member of the American Association for tlie Advancement of Science, and 

Member of the National Academy of Theology, and Author of "The 

Word of God, Systematical and Daily;" "The Terrible Catastrophe 

or Biblical Deluge ;" " Evolution, As Taught In the Bible ;" 

" The Church's Triumph In The Formation and Adoption 

of The Augsburg Confession;'' "The Sanctuary, Its 

Origin, Design, and Importance." 



For Sale at The Lutheran Publication House, 42 North 
9th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 



.1 ^^b 






Apr Id W7 
CONTENTS. 



Chapter I. 
The Difficulties, Page 5 

Chapter II. 
The Creation of The Elements, Page 11 

Chapter III. 
The Origin of the Universe, Page 30 

Chapter IV. 
The Appearance of Light, Page 42 

Chapter V. 
The Earth's Canopy and Strata, Page 50 

Chapter VI. 
Seas, Continents and Vegetation. Page 59 

Chapter A^II. 
The Light-Bearers, Page 69 

Chapter VIII. 

Sea-Monsters and Birds, Page 77 

Chapter IX. 
Beast, Cattle and Man, , Page 85 

Index, Page 99 



/ 
/ 






CHAPTER I, 

THE DIFFICULTIES. 



Perhaps no subjects have engaged the attention of the 
peasant and the King, the mind of the philosopher and the 
theologian, ancient, mediaeval and modern, more intensely, 
than the subjects of the first twelve chapters of the Book 
Genesis. The first and second chapters give the genesis of 
the Universe; the third and fourth chapters reveal the 
genesis of Sin ; the sixth and following chapters describe the 
destruction of a wicked race and the preservation of one 
family ; the tenth and eleventh chapters contain the genesis 
of the Nations, and have remained to this day an authority 
on that subject among Ethnologists; the twelfth chapter 
presents the genesis of the Abrahamic people. It is, indeed, 
a book of generations, births, beginnings and origins. 

And these stupendous facts and sublime truths, — par- 
ticularly those concerning the origin of the Universe and of 
man — how have they been treated by writer after writer, 
and expounded by one commentator after another? Have 
the facts not been explained away by amazing perver- 
sions, and the truths contained therein ignored by mere 
theories. And why all this? Simply because men quite too 
frequently are disposed to put modern notions and unwar- 
ranted constructions on very ancient language, and that, of 



6 Wlien Did the World Become a Habitable Earth % 

the most sacred and valuable fragment of antiquity. The 
only Cosmogony (1) that survives all others which are the 
mere fabric of men's fancy, unreal and untrue. 

Again, "cultivators of science — professors and amateurs 
— are doing not a little to loosen its authority, and especially 
to imperil if not destroy its educational value, by neglecting 
to draw the boundary line sharply round its true domain. 
A great deal conventionally passes under the name, which 
is no more science than bricks and timber are a building. It 
is art — the art of making science. The facts patiently accu- 
mulated, accurately analyzed and recorded, on which, step 
by step, scientific inductions are raised are the precious 
material of science : but they are not science. The keen eye 
of the naturalist; the adroit and sensitive finger of the 
operator; the insight, imagination, and ready invention 
which mark the man of scientific genius from the mere 
plodder, and enable him to look behind the veil before he 
persuades Nature herself to lift it; these are admirable, 
invaluable, indispensable to the progress of science. But 
they are not science. Theories and hypothesis — the shelves 
on which we pack and label our facts, the luggage vans in 
which we forward them on their journey — are among the 
most useful implements of scientific discovery. But they 
are not science. Above all, the dicta of individual scien- 
tists, how eminent soever, are not science. To claim for 



1. If we have a true cosmogony and a partially false religion, why 
just as sure as a truth of the cosmogony comes in contact with a false part 
of religion there will be a clash. But one cosmogony and one religion are 
one and the same thing. Otherwise our entire cosmogony might exactly 
as well have been formulated by an atheist.— T/ie Author. 



How Did the Universe Originated 7 

what at best can but rank as ' pious opinions ' the authority 
of infalhble dogma, is both disloyal to truth and perilous to 
intellectual freedom. 

' ' For, be it remembered, liberty of thought — a phrase 
which often stands for much liberty but little thought — is 
inconsistent with science. Where science begins liberty 
ends. Any one is at liberty either to think that two ulti- 
mate atoms of matter can occupy the same space, or to 

4 

think that they are impenetrable, mutually excluding one 
another. This liberty results from our present ignorance. 
But no one is at liberty to think that the angles of a plane 
triangle can be less than two right angles, or that they can 
be greater; because we certainly know them to be equal. 
Liberty of thought, is not even the path, of which science is 
the goal. It is simply the throwing down of all hedges and 
walls, and banishment of all threatening notices, watch- 
dogs, patrols, and man-traps, whereby our right to explore 
the waste was limited ; so that we are free to make our own 
path as the stars guide us. But we take our own risk of 
bogs and precipices. Doubt may unlock the fetters of tra- 
dition, and start us, with its sharp spur deep in our heart, 
in quest of truth. But it guides us no step of the way; and 
in presence of ascertained truth it expires. The freedom of 
inquiry, and of provisional belief or disbelief, which is the 
condition of honestly working out a scientific deduction or 
induction, become irrational when once the result is known. 
Much nonsense about intellectual liberty might have been 
spared, if people would bear in mind the obvious fact that 
free thought and science are mutually inconsistent. The 
one supposes the absence of the other. Hence the immense 



8 Wlien Did the World Become a Habitable Earth % 

importaiice of not anticipating science by erecting into 
dogma the theories, conjectures, or personal opinions of 
scientific leaders." (1) 

This ' ' anticipating science by erecting into dogma the 
theories, conjectures, or personal opinions of scientific lead- 
ers" has not been indulged time and again by professed 
scientists alone ; but even by such as profess to believe in 
the Scriptures, — accepting and adopting them in all their 
teachings. When we come to examine the foundation of 
their belief, expecting to find it honest and sincere, we are 
pained to discover a wretched self-deception, — fancy of a 
belief the mere ground supposed to be on the Scripture, but 
after all resting altogether for its main support on some loud 
scientist or philosopher. These are no doubt unintentional 
errors which men make by not accepting the Scriptures in 
the sense and for the purpose for which they were divinely 
given. But how are men misled, and what is the cause of 
it? Simply this: when the book of a human author is 
read, they do not charge themselves with the task of cor- 
recting its language with the idea of bringing it into a 
more complete harmony with the author's thought. The 
author is held responsible for his work, and the conceptions 
contained therein, and would doubtless feel highly dishon- 
ored were his pupils to add to or take aught from his pas- 
sages, with the avowed intent of making clearer his mean- 
ing. And yet, this is just what men have been disposed 
to do with the first twelve chapters of the book Genesis, 



1. The Scientific Evidences of Organic Evolution, hy George J. Romanes^ 
A. M., LL. £>., F. R. S., p. 40, H. L. Ed. 



How Did the Universe Originated 9 

particularly with the account of the origin of the Universe 
and of man. Instead of believing and holding God responsi- 
ble for the language in which He has been pleased to express 
Himself, make manifest His works, and reveal His designs ; 
— which constitute a revelation of His power, good will and 
divine Mind, they have created for themselves endless trou- 
ble by reading into the Scriptures what is nowhere to be 
found, — terrestrially or celestially. 

. That the- minds of many good men should thus at times 
become uneasy under the suspicion of a conflict between the 
Book of Nature and the Book of God need hardly surprise 
us. Yet, a moment's reflection on their part would have 
removed all the difficulties, for they know that the com- 
mandments given to Moses on Mount Sinai more than en- 
dorse the original account of the Creation, and of which 
Christ Himself makes mention, and which is accepted also 
by all the inspired writers. The sooner therefore men will 
abandon everything that is contrary to the Scriptures, the 
sooner and better will they understand and adopt their 
teachings which refer to the material Universe, and all that 
concerns man, his origin, his purpose, and his destiny. For 
truth is the agreement of thought and speech with the 
reality of facts and things. (1) And nowhere is this more 
obvious than in the first two chapters of Genesis, which we 
have endeavored to interpret and present in the light of the 
Hebrew and Greek Scriptures ; for the purpose of showing 
how even here Scripture serves itself as the best commen- 
tary on Scripture. It is the only truly seK-interpreting 

1. Truth, is to thouglit, what logic, wMcIl is the ordered sequence of 
conscious experience, is to reason.— 2'7j6 Author. 



10 ^Vllen Did the World Become a Habitable Earth ? 

Book among books, and the sooner men are convinced of 
the truth of this fact, the higher will it stand even in the 
estimation of the world-wise; — they will discover therein 
"what are the first principles of every science." (1) Besides, 
the believing will the more value it and consider it the more 
sacred, knowing that its contents are in truth a revelation 
from God unto man. And neither aged, nor young men of 
good education, after thoroughly understanding the Scrip- 
ture conception and interpretation of the centre and of the 
circumference of Creation, need any longer be disquieted in 
their minds, if not really unsettled in their religious princi- 
ples, by the results of scientific investigation, no more than 
by any other seeming difficulty attending revealed truth. 
It is for the latter class in particular that we have attempted 
to give the creative feature alone; and thus shall endeavor 
to set forth some of the first principles involved in the Sacred 
narrative of Creation, so full of mystery, and so full of 
wonder. 



1. Professor Henry Drummond defends tlie Bible record in Genesis in 
the following unique way : " Men could find out the order in which the 
world was made. What they could not find out, was that God made it. 
To this day they have not found that out. Even some of the wisest of our 
contemporaries, after trying to find that out for half a lifetime, have been 
forced to give it up. Hence the true function of Revelation, Nature in 
Genesis has no link with geology, seeks none and needs none : man has no 
link with biology, and misses none. What he really needs and really 
misses— for he can get it nowhere else— Genesis gives him ; it links nature 
and man with their Maker. And this is the one high sense in which 
Genesis can be said to be scientific. The scientific man must go there to 
complete his science, or it remains forever incomplete. Let him no longer 
resort thither to attack what is not really there. What is really there he 
cannot attack, for he cannot do without it.''''— Evolution as Taught in the 
Bible, etc., by Bev. G. C-. H. Hasskaii, p. 35. 



CHAPTEE II. 

THE CREATION OF THE ELEMENTS. 

Gen. 1:1. 

''In the beginning ^^ on the first instant of time '^God 
created^^ (Heb. BAR A — to create) instantaneously by 
the purpose and goodness of His Will (1) from nothing 
outside of Himself the very substance (Heb. AYTH) 
in essentia of the 'Hhe heavens'' (Heb. HASHAMAYIM) 
''and'" (Heb. YE AYTH) the substance in essentia of 
'Hhe earth'' (Heb. HAARETS). (2) 

It is not a little remarkable that the Spirit of God should 
direct Moses to open the Sacred Volume with a literal de- 
scription of the origin of the physical Universe, its systems, 
and suns, and stars. A record " vast in its outlines, it is 



1. "In the primeval creation there was no instrumental cause or 
means, because God created all things by the Word."— Catouiws. 

"Neither was there any antecedent cause, except the purpose of God 
alone, communicating Himself, not from the necessity of nature, but from 
the freedom of His WilV—Quensted. 

" The impelling cause of creation is the immense goodness, from which 
God, as He wished to communicate the highest good, most freely communi- 
cated Himself."— CaZoi; IMS. 

3. "This simple sentence denies atheism; for it assumes the being of 
God. It denies polytlieism, and, among its various forms, the doctrine of 
two eternal principles, the one good and the other evil ; for it confesses the 



12 When Did the World Become a Habitable Earth f 

yet so scrupulously strict in its minuter details, that it may 
be read without dubiety, not only in the midst of the exact- 
est records of antiquity, but in the light of those modern 
discoveries in physical science which bear most directly on 
its statements." 

We do not purpose here to prove the existence of a God 
and Creator, for this the Bible assumes and every intelligent 



" Creation is a free, divine action, because God framed th.e universe, 
not induced thereto by necessity, as tliough He needed the service of crea- 
tures, since He is absolutely independent {autarTiestatos}, but freely, as He 
was able to create, and not to create and to frame, sooner or later, in tMs 
or in another manner." — Hollazius. 

" Hence creation is also described as not successive, but, with respect 
to every individual being created, instantaneous, for God framed every- 
thing, not by any movement or laborious exertion, but when He said, ' Let 
there be light,' immediately there was light."— JToZZazius. 

" The action is not properly successive, but instantaneous ; for the indi- 
viduals, which God created. He created in an instant, without movement 
or succession, although, if these be regarded collectively, the creation was 
completed in six days inuchclemei'a) ; not that He devoted those entire days 
to creation, but that He created something in the moments of each day." — 
Calovious, in Tlie Doctrinal Theology of the Evangelical iMtheran Church, by 
Dr''s Hay and Jacobs, p. 170, 2nd Edition. 

The difficulty on our part of comprehending the Divine creating and 
m.oving, commanding and naming, seeing and approving, working and 
resting here in creation, must not discredit the truth which agrees with 
facts. For, while it is a well grounded basis of belief and action, that man 
is endowed with a spirit, yet, he cannot comprehend that spirit any more 
than reason or thought, mind or life. Again, if the most highly endowed 
among men were asked the question of their natural origin and develop- 
ment, not to mention the psychological, they could never give the true 
answer, were they ignorant of the necessary natural conditions of the 
origin and development, no more than they could judge the contents of an 
egg by its shell.— r?J6 Author. 

one Eternal Creator. It denies materialism, for it asserts the creation of 
matter. It denies pantheism, for it assumes the existence of God before all 
things, and apart from them. It denies fatalism, for it involves the free- 
dom of the eternal being."— T^e Terrible Catastrophe or Biblical Deluge, etc., 
by Rev. G. C. H. Hasska7% Ph. D., p. 240. 



How Did the Universe Originated 13 

person believes, knowing that nothing comes from nobody, 
nor from nothing when the the crude material is manif e&t 
everywhere in nature. Bnt rather to inquire into the pro- 
cesses and the order of development by which the Universe 
was made to assume the material forms which it reveals. 
In order to erect a structure of any kind, there must be 
materials, there must be the power to move and fix these 
materials. The architect, of course, must know of what 
material he means to build, and its stability ; what kind of 
power he intends using, and its amount. And that the 
Architect of the Universe did not create "the worlds" from 
anything outside of Himself scarcely needs here to be men- 
tioned. For those who advocate the eternity of space and 
time, matter and motion, all of them dependent one upon 
another ; might as well affirm that chemistry or electricity 
or gravity or any other power or law known to man are all 
isolated and alone, self-made and self-born substances or 
manifestations. Nor need we be told that when God intended, 
by the purpose and goodness of His unconditioned, conditionat- 
ing Will and Power building, that he did not at once in ' 'the 
beginning" on the first instant of time, originate the very 
substance in essentia — primordial elements out of which ' 'the 
heavens and the earth" — Universe and world were afterwards 
to be "framed by the word of God-," (1) or be informed that 



1. " TTas ist fur Gott das Weltallf Sein WerK seine Schoepfung nennt es die 
Sclirift; denn Gottes ist die Kraft, wodurch alles entsteht and besteht, in 
ihm, nicht in sich selber, aus ihm, aus der goettichen Lebens fulle bat das 
Weltall sein Leben, and Gott ist eben darin Scboepfer, kein Werkmeister, 
dasz er ihm rein aus dem eigenen Schatze wie gemaesz dera eigenen Willen 
alle Kraft, alles Leben verlieben bat (Rom. 11:36; Rev, 4:11; Job 33:4; 
Neb. 9:6; Acts 17, 24 ff)^ Die Welterscbaffung ist nacb der Scbriftlebre 



14 When Did the World Become a Habitable Earth f 

the Univeree was not created all at once ; but that there was a 
certain order (1) in which the various parts appeared, is 
clearly affirmed in the creative record, and is evident also 
from the discoveries of science ;^is expressed, in fact, in the 
very language which the inspired penman uses. 



kein tminittelbares Werk des goettlichen "\ "illens, wird vielmehr durcTe 
goettUches Wrot vermittelt. Nun brauchen wir kaum die Bemerkung- 
beizufugen, dasz unverkennbar bierunter kein boerbarer Laut zu ver- 
stecben (comp. Hebr. 1:3; witb 11:2); dennocb scheint es, Gott werde 
biermit in der Aenlicbkeit des Menseben gedacbt, dessen Gedanke nicbt 
den Vollzug einscblieszt, sondern eines bestimmteu Ausdruckes bedarf , um 
in der Auszenwelt sicb zur Geltung zu bringen. Allein wie, wenn zwar 
Gott zum Werke des Sprecbens nicbt bedurfte, wobl aber das Werk, das da 
werden soil, eine Willens-Aeuszerung noetbig macbt? wenn also der 
Unterscbied zwiscben WoUen and Vollbringeu keine bescbraenkende 
Auflassung des goettlieben Seins, \aelmebr durcb die goettlicb gewoUte 
Bescbraenktbeit des gescboepflicben Seins gefordert, als goettlicbe Selbst 
bescbraenkung gesetzt waere, auf UnvoUkommenbeit nur des Gesebaffenen, 
nicbt des Scboepfers binwiese? Die Scboepfung ist einmal das nicbt un- 
mittelbar, was sie sein soil, sie musz es erst werden; Aufang and Ende 
Weg und Ziel tret en bier anseinander, das goettlicb bestinunte Ergebnis 
baengt ab in seinem Zustande kommen von der Reibenf olge mannigf altiger 
Bedingungen und Vermittlungen. Anders aber ist es im goettlieben 
Ratbscblusse: dieser stebt unmittelbar auf das Ergebnis, und nur um 
deswillen, in und mit ibni, bedingbt von ibm send aucb die Vermittlungen, 
Aufang and Ende sind bier zumal gesetzt. Und biernacb verbaelt sicb in 
der Tbat die Scboepfung zum Willen Gottes auf aebnlicbe Weiss, wie die 
aeuszere Welt zur inneren, zur menscblicben Gedankenwelt: anders folgen 
sicb jabei uns die Denkbestimmungen, worin ein Plan fertig wird,anders 
die Tbaetigkeiten, wodurcb wie nacb gegebsner, nicbt frei gesetzter 



1. By a fixed law we understand tbat a course is laid out» and tbat tbings-. 
follow in tbat course. Consequently, a law of nature in a scientific sense 
is notbing but an invariable order of events or sequences. As sucb it can 
effect notbing. It is tbe inlaid forces of nature wbicb produce results, not 
its laws. For instance, tbe law of gravitation is frequently spoken of aa 
producing a vast variety of results. But wbat is tbis law of gravitation? 
It simply denotes a certain order in wbicb material tbings fall to a common, 
centre, in certain ratios, dependent on tbeir bulk and distance. Tbus, tbe 
law of gravitation, like all tbe otber laws of nature, effects notbing; for it 



How Did the Universe Originate 'i 15 

For the verb BARA (to create) according to the analogy 
•of Scripture has but one meaning, that of ' 'origination^ an 
absolute creation.^^ (1) This statement may appear start- 
ling to all such as are accustomed to attach every imaginable 
latitude of interpretation to the language of the Scriptures. 
Yet, a careful examination of the Hebrew Bible reveals the 
fact, that whenever t'le verb BARA (to create) is used, a 



Ordnung ilm ausfuhren. Wenn aber jenes Ineinander von Willensbe- 
.stimrrmngen, wie es im goettlichen Ratlisclilusse liegt, nicht unmittelbar 
das Weltall bervorbringt, sorwiern erst auseinander gelegt werden musz zu 
•seiner zeitlichen Verwirklichung in vorangehenden und nach. f olgenden, in 
begrundenden andbegriindeten Tbatsachen: wie koennte diese goett-liche 
Selbstvermittlung, wodnrcb die Sclioepfung so, wie sie ist, geworden ist, 
treff ender bezeichnet werden, denn als Willens- Ausdruck, Sprechen Gottes-, 
Macbtwort and Reibe von Macbtworten? Oder wenn as biesze, nicbt, 
Oott sprach sondern: er wollte, und es gescbab, wurde so nicbt das viel 
-scblimmere Misverstaendnis nabe gelegt, ibm entstebe sein Plan erst an 
seinem Werke, es liege diesem kein allumfassender Ratbscblusze zn 
Grunde? So baben wir in der bibliscben Lebre vom scboepferiscben 

is tbe force of gravitation, not its law, wbicb produces tbe various results 
wbicb we bebold.— TTte Author. 

"We bear mucb of tbe 'reign of law,' and *laws of nature.' Wliat, bow- 
ever, is law, but God's ordinary modes of determining certain relations, as 
tbey bave been observed by man? Pbilologists can trace a uniformity in 
tbe intercbange of consonants in tbe languages of tbe Indo-European 
family, called from its discoverer 'Grimm's Law.' Words seemingly bear- 
ing no resemblance to eacli otber are found by tbe application of tbe formula 
wbicb tbey give, to be actually tbe same, as we pass from tbe Greek and 
Latin to tbe German, and from, tbe Geroaan to tbe Englisb. The principle 
Tecurs so frequently tbat it is called a 'Law,' even tbougb tbe exceptions 
be provokingly numerous. Tbe 'reign of law' cannot force tbe results, and 



1. "Wbetber it be true or not tbat we cannot conceive tbe quantity of 
existence to be increased or diminisbed, tbere is at any rate no sucb in- 
ability as regards tbe quantity of matter. It may be true as a fact tbat no 
material atom bas been added to tbe world since tbe Creation; but tbe 
assertion, bowever true, is certainly not necessary. Tbe power wbicb 
(Created once must be conceived as able to create again, wbetkertbat ability 



16 Wlien Did the World Become a Habitable Earth ? 

new feature and addition to creation is affixed. (2) For 
instance we are informed that in the creative week itself, 
' 'God created great sea-monsters, and every Living creature 
that moveth;" (3) that "God created man in His own image 
* * male and female created He them;" (4) that 
He "rested from all His work which God created and made." 



Sprechen Gottes einerseits die "bestimmteste Ruckweisung auf den zum 
voraus f esten Sclioepf em^-lUen, den in sich schon das gauze Werk beschliesz- 
enden Schoepfergedanken: anderseits ist keine Form, worin der Mensch 
sein Inneres Kundgibt, so gedankenmaesig nnd zugleich. so rein durcli die 
eigene Natur vermittelt, so mnlielos verwandbar, keine so wie die mensch- 
liche Rede zum Gleichnis geeignet fur die allerdings aueli unniittelbar 
werktbaetige Selbstdarstellung des goettlicben Scboepferwillens." — Die 
GrundwaJirheiten des hiUiscTien Christentliums, von Ernst Woerner. p. 73-75. 
Theologij of the Old Testament, hij Dr. G. F. OehUr and Prof. G. E. Day, D. D. 
p. 115-118. 

we are made to feel tbat, back- of it, is a more profound truth wMcb we can- 
not discover after all our tentative bypotbeses. Suflacient 'law' becomes 
manifest to exclude tbe idea of cbance, and to sbow tbat an intelligent Will 
controls all tbat occurs baneatb man's freedom. But tbe mysteries of tbat 
Will, man cannot always read. "We must see objects from tbe same plane 
as tbat of Infinite Wisdom in order to discern tbem in all tbeir relations, 
and to trace tbe workings of Eternal Tbougbt concerning tbem. Wliatever 
revelation God bas given in bis Word is simply a confession tbat Infinite 
Wisdom, in its great condescension, bas made concerning itself and tbe 
wbole field wbicb it surveys, to fijiite man as be stands embarrassed amidst 
tbe confusion of bis contracted surroundings."— T/ie Lutheran, September 
4tb, 1890. 

is actually exercised or not. Tbe same conclusion is still more e^^ident 
wben we proceed from tbe consideration of matter to tbat of mind. Of 
matter, we maintain tbat tbe creation of new portions is perfectly conceiv- 
ahle — as a result, at least, if not as a process; of mind, we believe tbat such, 
creation actually takes place. Every man who comes into tbe world, comes 



2. Tbe Hebrew word "BARA must therefore here mean origina- 
tion. Even in Gen. 1:21, where hai^a is employed in regard to the production 
of living creatures, we have the origination of something new: for vitality^ 



Holo Did the Universe Originate'^ 17 

(ASAH). (5) This is not only true of the material and vital 
use of the word, hut also in the moral and spiritual sense. 
When the Psahnist says "create in me a clean heart, O God ;'' 

(6) "A people which shall be created shall praise the Lord ;" 

(7) "Thou sendest forth thy Spirit, they are created; and 
thou renewest the face of the earth. " (1) ' 'They are created 
now, and not from old;" (2) "For, behold, I create new 
heavens and a new earth ; and the former things shall not 
be remembered, nor come into mind. But be ye glad and 
rejoice forever in that which I create ; for, behold, I create 
Jerusalem a rejoicing, and her people a joy." (3) It is an 
interpretation which is endorsed by such distinguished 
critics as Parkhurst, Clark, Lange, Delitzsch and others 
who ' 'assert that BARA means to originate de novo, to create 
in an absolute sense ; and that ASAH and YETSER strictly 
mean to fashion out of pre-existent materials." (4) 



into it as a distinct individual,, having a personality and consciousness of 
liis own, and that personality is a distinct accession to the number of per_ 
sons previously existing. * * Every new person that conies into the 
world is a new existence.''''— Hamilton's Prolegomena, hy Mansel, p. 267-269. 
Metaphysics, hy Borden P. Bowne, pp. 273-304. 

sensitivity, perception are not properties of matter, neither can they be educ- 
ed from any organization of matter." ''Gen. 1:27, 'so God created (BARA) 
man in His own image,' refers to the spiritual nature of man which alone 
can bear the 'image of God' and must mean origination. Gen. 2:7, 'And the 
Lord God formed (ASAH) man out of the dust of the earth,' refers solely to 
the body of man. This distinction can scarcely be accidental." — The Theistie 
Conception of the World, hy B. F. Cocker, D. D. pp. 57-58. Hours With the 
BihU, hy C. GeiUe, D. D. Vol. I. p. 18. 

3. Gen. 1:21. L Gen. 1:27; 5:1, 2. 5. Gen.2:Z. 6. Ps. 51:10. 7. Ps. 102:18. 



1. Ps. 104:30. 2. Isa. 48:7. 3. Isa. 65:17, 18. 

4. "Creation was the absolutely free act of God, unconditioned by any 
pre-existing thing. Matter with its properties and forms, its temporal. 



18 When Did the World Become a Habitable Uarth f 

But to what part of creation does the verb BARA refer? 
We reply, to the constituent elements— essence of the sub- 
stances alone, all of which were spoken into existence at 
"the beginning'' "by the word of God," (1) when "the 
foundation" (2) of the earth were laid. (3) This is also 
"held by many of the best authorities who hold that the 
particle AYTH means 'the very substance of,' 'the very or 
real essence. ' Furst, in his recently published Hebrew and 
Chaldae Lexicon, gives 'being, essence, substance,' as the 
meaning of 'Ayth.^ Gesenius, in his Hebrew Grammar says, 
'Ayth' means 'being, substance. ' And furthermore, he says 
'Ayth^ is a substantive derived from a pronominal stem, and 
signifies essence, substance, being. ' 'The particle Ayth' says 
Aben Ezra, 'signifies the substance of a thing. ' Kimchi, in 
his famous 'Book of Hebrew Eoots' gives a similar definition. 
In the Syriac version, ' Yoth' takes the place of 'Ayth, ' and 
is very appropriately rendered in Walton's Polyglot 'esse 
coeli et esse terrae' — the being or substance of the heavens 
and the earth. It is not, therefore, a fanciful * * 
reading of this opening sentence of Divine revelation which 
the Christian idea of God, and of His relation to the world, 
seems to demand — 'In the beginning God originated, brought, 



spatial, and numerical relations; Spirit Avith its life and feeling, its ideas and 
laws— these had all their origin in the creative Word of God. Whatever 
is, and is not God, is the creature of God. This is the Biblical conception of 
Creation."— r/jc Theistic Conception of the World, p. 97. 



1. Hehr. 11:3. 2. Ps. 102:25; Isa. 48:13, ff. 3 Neh. 9:6. 



How Did the Universe Originated ■ 19 

intobeing^ the primordeal elements (1) of the heavens and the 
earth:' (2) 

The reader will find no difficulty in accepting the fore- 
going interpretation, have no occasion to discredit the truths 
of the facts which are here recorded by the hand of Inspira- 
tion, confirmed by the analogy of Scripture, and endorsed 
by such eminent critics as the above. For the ultimate 
molecules (3) of matter are made, manufactured, and bear 
the manufacturer's brand indelibly stamped upon each of 
them. We shall cite the words of one whose name will en- 
sure respect from all scientists — Prof. James Clerk Maxwell, 
in his lecture before the British Association as given in the 
Scientific American and cited ki the Interiors 

' 'Professor Clerk Maxwell lately delivered an interesting 
lecture before the British Association upon Molecules, by 



1. Thus fax science has hardly discovered a substance upon the planets 
of our solar system which cannot be matched here.— TTie Author. 

3. "Dynamical Geology, Astronomical Palaetiology, Cosmogony, Mole- 
cular Physics, Abstract Dynamics, have all landed in the same inevitable 
conclusion that 'the existing order of things had a beginning.'' * * 
The present order of things has not been evolved through infinite past time 
by the agency of laws now at work, but must have had a distinctive heginniiig 
a state beyond which we are totally unable to penetrate— a state which must 
have been produced by other than the now acting causes.' ^'—Theistic Con- 
ception of the World, by Dr. B. F. Cocker, p. 103. Die Naturkrafte in ihrer 
Wechsclbeziehung, von A. FicTi, p. 87. 

3. Matter presents"the essential characteristics at once of a manufactured 
article and a subordinate agent." "This precludes the idea of its being 
eternal and self -existent. * * It must have been created." — Sir John 
HerscheVs Natural Philosophy, § 28. Prof. MaxwelVs Lecture on Molecules. 
Vol. VIII. p. 441. 

Lange has shown how the atom itself eludes entirely the grasp of the 
senses. The individual atom, which should be the ultimate constituent of 
matter, has no existence. "It is itself composed of sub-atoms; and these 
sub-atoms? They either resolve themselves into mere force-centres, or if 



20 When Did the World Become a Habitable Earth f 

which is meant the subdivision of matter into the greatest 
possible number of portions, similar to each other. Thus, if 
a number of molecules of water are combined, they form a 
mass of water. Molecules of some compound substances 
may be subdivided into their component substances. Thus 
the molecule of water separates into two molecules of hydro- 
gen and one of oxygen. 

' 'Professor Maxwell has calculated the size and weight 
of hydrogen molecules, and finds that about two millions of 
them, placed side by side in a row, would occupy a length 
of about one twenty-fifth of an inch, and that a package of 
them, containing a million, million, million, million of them, 
would weigh sixty-two grains, or not quite one-eighth of an 
ounce. 

' 'Each molecule throughout the universe, bears impressed 
on it the stamp of a metric system as distinctly as does the 
meter of the archives of Paris, or the double royal cubit of 
the Temple of Karnac. 

' 'No theory of evolution can be formed to account for 
the similarity of molecules, for evolution necessarily implies 
continuous change, and the molecule is incapable of growth 
or decay, of generation and destruction. None of the 
processes of nature, since the time when nature began, have 
produced the slightest difference in the properties of any 
molecule. We are therefore unable to ascribe either the 



in them again elastic impact lias to play any part, they must in turn consist 
of sub-atoms, and we shall again have that process running on into iniinity. 
* * Accordingly there is already contained in Atomism itself, 
while it seems to establish Materialism, the principles which break up all 
matter, and thus cut away the ground from Materialism also.''''— History of 
Materialism hy Lange, Lichtenberger, Vol. II, p. 376. 



Hoic Did the Universe Originate f 21 

existence of the molecules or the identity of their properties 
to the operation of the causes which we call natural. On 
the other hand, the exact equality of each molecule to all 
others of the same kind gives it, as Sir John Herschel has 
well said, the essential character of a manufactured article, 
and precludes the idea of its being eternal and self -existent, 

"Thus we have been led, along a strictly scientific path, 
very near to the point at which science must stop. Not 
that science is debarred from studying the internal mechan- 
ism of a molecule which she cannot take to pieces, any more 
than from investigating an organism which she cannot put 
together, but in tracing back the history of matter, science 
is arrested when she assures herself, on the one hand, that 
the molecule has been made, and on the oth.er that it has 
not been made by any of the processes we call natural. (1) 

"Science is incompetent to reason upon the creation of 
matter itself out of nothing. We have reached the utmost 



1. "The physical universe has, perhaps, no more general characteristic 
than this, — its laws are mathematical relations. * * jf y^^ ^re to 
give any credit to science, there can be no doubt about the weights and 
measures and numbers. This question, then, is alone left. Could anything 
else than intelligence thus weigh, measure, and number? Could mere mat- 
ter know the abstrusest properties of space and time and number, so as to 
obey them in the wondrous way it does? Could what has taken so much 
mathematical knowledge and research to apprehend, have originated with 
what was wholly ignorant of all quantitative relations? * * The be- 
lief in a Divine Creator is alone capable of rendering rational the fact that 
mathematical truths are realized in the material world."— T/iefsm, by Rob- 
ert Flint, pp. 136-137. 

"Wurtz's learned book upon the Atomic Theory sufficiently shows how 
far the ultimate particles of matter are governed in all their combinations 
Tjy invariable laws. The theory or hypothesis of chemical atoms, of which 
Dalton was the originator, and which Wurtz has developed and confirmed by 
Ms extensive and conclusive researches^ represents compound bodies as 
formed by the grouping of atoms in fixed number, and possessing weights 



22 When Did the World Become a Habitable Earth % 

limit of our thinking faculties when we have admitted that 
because matter cannot be eternal and self -existent, it must 
have been created. It is only when we contemplate, not 
matter in itself, but the form in which it actually e^xists, 
that our mind finds something on which it can lay hold. 
That matter, as such, should have certain fundamental 
properties, that it should exist in space and be capable of. 
motion, that its motion should be persistent, and so on, are 
truths which may, for anything we know, be of the kind 
which metaphysicians call necessary. We may use our 
knowledge of such truth for purposes of deduction, but we 
have no data for speculating as to their origin. 

' 'But that there should be exactly so much matter and 
no more in eveiy molecule of hydrogen, is a fact of a very 
diffierent order. We have here a particular distribution of 
matter, a collocation, to use the expression of Dr. Chalmer's, 
of things which we have no difiiculty in imagining to have 



fixed by Dalton, were true proportional numbers; tbey represented the pro- 
portions according to which bodies combine, and which are expressed by 
the relative weights of their smaller particles. We there obtain a true 
atomic notation. Atomicity is distinguished from alHnity, in that it ex- 
presses the saturating capacity of atoms as a property inherent in their 
nature, while 'affinity is the force of combination, the chemical energy de- 
termining the intensity and the direction of chemical reactions.' The 
deductions as to the nature of matter itself which M. Wurtz draws from 
the atomic theory, are of great interest; 'Atoms,' he says, 'are not material 
points; they possess a sensible dimension, and doubtless a fixed form; they 
differ in their relative weights and in the motions with which they are ani- 
mated. They are indestructible and indivisible by physical and chemical 
forces, for which they act, in some manner, as points of application. The 
diversity of matter results from the primordial differences, perpetually 
existing in the very essence of these atoms, and in the qualities which are 
the manifestation of them. Atoms attract each other, and thus atomic at- 
traction is affinity. It is doubtless a form of universal attraction, but it 
differs from it in that, if it is obedient to the influence of mass, it depends 



How Did the Universe Originated 23 

been arranged otherwise. The form and dimensions of the 
orbits of the planets, for instance, are not determined by any 
law of nature, but depend upon a particular collocation of 
matter. The same is the case with respect to the size of the 
earth, from which the standard of what is called the metri- 
cal system has been derived. But these astronomical and 
terrestrial magnitudes are far inferior in scientific importance 
to that most fundamental of all standards which forms the 
basis of the molecule system. 

"Natural causes, as we know, are at work, which tend 
to modify, if they do not at length destroy, all the arrange- 
ments and dimensions of the earth and the whole solar sys- 
tem. But though in the course of ages catastrophies have 
occurred, and may yet occur in the heavens ; though ancient 
systems may be dissolved and new systems evolved out of 
their ruins; the molecules out of which these systems are 
built — the foundation stones of the material universe — remain 



also on the quality of the atoms. Affinity is elective, as has been said for a 
hundred years. It gives rise to aggregations of atoms, to molecules and 
chemical combinations. In the latter, the atoms are no longer free in their 
motions; they execute their motions in a kind of co-ordinated manner, and 
constitute a system in which everything is solid and in which they are under 
control" (pp. 308, 309). Wurtz refers to Hemholtz's experiments and Thom- 
son's speculations as to the vortex motions which would exist in a perfect 
fluid free from all friction. * * a fluid fills all space, and what we 
call matter are portions of this fluid which are animated with vortex mo- 
tion. There are innumerable legions of very small fractions or portions, 
but each of these portions is perfectly limited, distinct from the entire mass, 
and distinct from all others, not only in its own substance, but in its mass 
and its mode of motion— qualities which it will preserve for ever. These 
portions are atoms. In the perfect medium which contains them all, none 
of them can change or disappear, none of them can be formed spontaneous- 
ly. Everywhere atoms of the same kind are constituted after the same 
fashion and are endowed with tlie same properties, (pp. 338, 339)"—^ Study 
of Origins, hy Ed. De Pressense, D. D. pp. 144, 145. 



24 ^Vhen Did the World Become a Hahitahle Earth ? 

unbroken and un^'orn. They continue this day as they were 
created, perfect in number, and measure, and weight, and 
form the ineifacable characters impressed on them we may- 
learn that those aspirations after accuracy in measurement, 
truth in statement, and justice in action, which we reckon 
among our noblest attributes as men, are ours because they 
are essentially constituents of the image of Him who in the 
beginning created, not only the heavens and the earth, but 
the materials of which the heavens and the earth consist. " (1) 

The last word of science on this subject was spoken by 
Dr. Siemens in his Inaugural Address as President of the 
British Association for the Advancement of Science, in 
which, after an able review of the progress of the arts and 
sciences during the year, he concluded with a reverent dox- 
ology to the G-od who made this progress conduce to the 
welfare of mankind. He concludes: 

"We shall thus find that in the gi*eat workshop of nature 
there are no laws of demarcation to be drawn between the 
most exalted speculation and commonplace practice, and 
that all knowledge must lead up to one great result — that of 
an intelligent recognition of the Creator through His works. 
So then, we, members of the British Association, and fellow- 
workere in every bi'^nch of science, may exhort one another 
in the words of the American bard who has so lately depart- 
ed from among us : 

'Let us then be up and doing, 
With a heart for any fate ; 
Still achieving, still pursuing. 
Learn to labor and to wait.' " 

1. Errors of Evolution, etc., hy Robert Patterson, p. 74-76. 



Hoiv Did the Universe Originate f 25 

Thus true science contradicts the Nebular Hypothesis as 
unproven and incapable of proof ; as contradicted by all the 
arrangements of our solar system ; as contrary to the first 
principles of mechanics ; as assuming an eternal homogene- 
ous matter which has no existence in heaven or in earth; 
and as contrary to the fundamental constitution of the mole- 
cules of matter; in a word as an impossible dream. The 
atheistic notion of an eternal or self-creating world, is thus 
seen to be utterly unscientific and absurd. We fall back 
upon the sublime declaration of the Bible, ' 'In the beginning'' 
on the first instant of time "God created" instantaneously, 
out of nothing outside of Himself, the very substance in 
essentia of "the heavens and the earth." (1) 

Let us examine some of the solids that are contained in the 
crust of the earth, and behold the wonders contained therein. 
Of the seventy ' 'substances which refuse further solution by 
processes at present known to us, are considered elemental ; 

* * that these elements are as distinctly marked, 
in their character, in the total solar and sideral systems as 
with us on the earth. 

' 'As the physical problem actually stands, we find the 
elements of matter will combine together and form new sub- 
stances as unique in character as the elements themselves ; as^ 
for instance, the gas hydrogen and the gas oxygen combined 
form water a substance whose properties are as definitely 
marked as are those of its constituents. The gas oxygen will 
combine with solid carbon, as coal, and both will disappear 



1. Errors of Evolution, hij Rohert Patterson, V- 76-77. 



26 When Did the World Become a Habitable Earth ? 

in new compounds having properties utterly unlike their 
potencies to those of either of their constituents. It is with 
these compounds that we usually deal on this earth, and 
they are what we commonly designate as 'matter.' There 
are very few elements which we find in a pure state. The 
crust of the earth, so far as we have observed it, is made up 
predominantly of chemical compounds. The water, and the 
bases of soils, and the rocks, are compounds. But the sig- 
nificant thing about all these compounds is that in them 
their elements co-exist alicays in exact mathimatical ratios. 
The law of definite proportions is one of the first and of the 
last truths of chemistry. 

' 'So exact are the combinations of the elements, that you 
could make a book account, if you chose, of the chemistry 
of matter, in this way for instance : — 

One Molecule AVater, 

Dr. 
To Hydrogen Atoms 2 

To Oxygen Atoms 1 

And that account will stand good for any aggregate of 
the molecules of water in the sea, air and universe. If you 
took for examination the common salt out of the water of 
the sea, your book account would run: — 
One Molecule Salt, 

Dr. 
To . Chlorine Atoms 1 

To Sodium Atoms 1 

And that account will stand good for all the salt of sea 
and air. * * a slate carries in its composition the 
following formula, or an equally intricate : — 
f Silica = Si 02 
I Iron Oxide = Fe2 03 
Slate i Alumina = A12 03 , H2 
I Potash = K2 
( Magnesia = Mg 



Hoiv Did the Universe Originate f 27 

' ' The varieties of slate are made by differing mixtures of 
the constituent minerals in the above formula. * * 
Take a piece of granite. You have dead matter there surely 
enough, Ne plus ultra. When you strike granite, the geolo- 
gist tells you, you have come to azoic matter. But granite 
may be said metaphorically to be alive with the mathema- 
tical expressions of intelligence. It is peculiarly alive with 
such thought. If I write out a formula for granite, it would 
stand like this, for one variety :— 

Quartz = Si 02 

fSi 02' 

Feldspar = \ |^| f 



Granite 



Mica 



[Fe2 03 
fSi 02 
J A12 03 
t Mg 

tFe2 03 



"So far as any of the constituent minerals are hydrated. 
H2 is to be added to its symbol. The different varieties of 
granite will be found by varying quantities of quartz, feld- 
spar, and mica, or by replacing mica with horublands, or, 
in one mode, by substituting for potash of feldspar, soda or 
lime. But, whatever the variety of granite, its formula is 
' registered in definite arithmetic. 

. ' 'Now the amount of this arithematical reckoning in this 
matter of the earth is so stupendous that we may call it in- 
finite. Think of the number of chemically combined mole- 
cules in the granite, in the sandstone, limestones, ores and 
clay ! Every atom of every molecule in all this mass of mat- 
ter is numbered and definitely yoked with its fellow and fel- 
lows. * * We have not yet arrived at the point 



28 Wien Did the World Become a Habitable Earth f 

T\'here chemical compounds are detected or identified on the 
sun, or the stars, or in comets. But, as meteors sometimes 
bring us a chemical composition at least as complicated as 
granite ; and as the evidence points to the formation of that 
composition outside our atmosphere ; and as we have found 
many of the elements, in the heavenly bodies, with which 
we are here familiar ; and as they there exhibit similar de- 
portment as with us, and manifest like potencies, — we are 
justified in concluding that chemical combination has taken 
place, and will take place, in the same manner elsewhere as 
here. * * There is smErdgeist or Si gr eater Stoffgeist 

Working and weaving in endless motion 

An infinite ocean 
of testimony to an Infinite Intelligence — that too in the pres- 
ent tense — for the universe is yet young and we are behold- 
ing it making. 'My Father worketh up to this time' is the 
prof oundest present truth . " (1) 

To what wonderful mysteries does organized matter 
testify? The most diverse substances in form, color and odor 
are the product of elements which their Creator alone could 
harmonize and combine in tangible forms ; and all are infimites- 
imal particles of the works of God — a truth which none will 
doubt but such as refuse to be enlightened by His Holy 
Spirit, or to learn from the book of nature— the temple of the 
universal Architect. Who created aU the elements of all 
the matter that fills the Universe ! Who stored away in the 
great earth-laboratory what has proven to be the halo of our 



1. Tlie Intellectual Elements in Matter, by Rev. Chas. C Boulder, in 
'^Bibleotheca Sacra,'' July 1889, p. 129—436. 



How Did the Universe Originate f 29 

favored planet ! Had it not been for the creation of these 
elements or framers at "the beginning" of the first instant 
of time, there would have been no cosmical fire, no molten 
masses, no secret laboratories out of which all the systems and 
suns and stars of the Universe were to be born. It is a con- 
ception of ours which we shall endeavor to develop and 
simplify throughout the following pages, and which the 
thoughtful student will discover to be not a novelty in 
theory but a profound truth which is expressed in the ancient 
Hebrew language, endorsed by the Mythology of the ancient 
nations, witnessed by the different strata of the various 
epochs through which our planet passed, and will be wel- 
comed as hints by the thinkers among the Chemists and 
Geologists, Astronomers and Theologians. Consequently, 
we would suggest to the presumptuously wise, not to pass 
judgment on these pages before they have been carefully 
read, and above and beyond everything, not to judge hastily 
the works and word of God, for by so doing they assume a 
perfect knowledge of Him who is the Author of both, how 
he should have constituted and governed His own universe. 



CHAPTER III. 
the origix of the universe, 

Gen. 1:2. 

''And{l)theearthivaswaste,''(Ueh.TRORU—deso\- 
ateness) ''and void'' (Heb. BOHU — emptiaess) ''and 
darkness teas upon the face'' (Heb. PHANA — connte- 
naoce, face, surface) "of the deep" (Heb. THEHOM 
— depth) of the cosmical system on high around the 
earth; 'Hind the Spirit" (Heb. RUACH) (2) "of God 
moved" (Heb. MERACHEPHETH— was brooding up- 
on, hovered over) — dwelled on high "upon the face of 
the waters" (Heb. MAYIM) — vapors and aqueous mat- 
ter that encompassed the S3^stems, suns, and stars. 

There is a gospel in the Universe which when compared 
with the earth and the earth contrasted with our knowm 
solar system, will go far toward explaining many of the 



1. The second verse liere is linked on to the first by bJ copulative eon- 
junction, which is used as a linTi at the beginning of all the verses narrating 
creative acts. Thus we have a chain of facts not bi-ohen, but linked one to 



2. The Hebrew word RUACH here means "the Spirit of God" and not 
the ivind, for there could not have been any wind when there was as yet no 
air and no "firmament of the earth." In fact, we are first told in Gen. 8:1, 



Hoiv Did the Universe Originate % 31 

seeming mysteries and. perplexing questions that confront 
the Christian and Philosopher in the creative week. While 
God's action and method of working in the Universe is a 
continuous expression of thought, and a revelation of a plan 
which is manifest m all that space and time bound— which 
is but the realization of apian of perfect and absolute reason, 
yet we must be careful not to Deify reason here or elsewhere ; 
for ' 'St. Austin accurately says 'we 'know what rests upon 
reason; -^Q believe what rests upon authority. But reason 
itself must rest at last upon authority ; for the original data 
of reason do not rest upon reason, but are necessarily of 
what is beyond itself. These data are, therefore, in rigid 
propriety beliefs or trusts. Thus it is, that the last reason, 
we must, perfarce philosophically admit, that belief is the 
primary condition of reason, and not reason the ultimate 
ground of belief. We are compelled to surrender the proud 
Intellige ut credas of Abelard, to content ourselves with the 
humble Crede ut intelligas of Anselm," (1) 



the otlier. The copulative VAV means a hooli; and is used to connect words 
to hook sentences one to another. — Th& Autho7\ 

after the Deluge, that "God made a wind to pass over the earth" which 
brought sunshine and rain, affected the different zones, and established the 
course of the trade- winds and the gulf-streams of to-day. — The Authm'. 



1. Sir Wm. Hamilton in UeecVs WorJis, as quoted in "^ Vocabulary of the 
Philosophical Sciences,'''' hy C P. Krauth, D. £)., LL. D. p. 65. 

That the reason and mind of man could not have understood God, ter- 
restrially or celestially, nor the design of His works, natural or spiritual, is 
evident from the very fact that God was obliged personally to address and 
reveal Himself unto the patriarchs and the prophets of the Old Testament, 
and in the fullness of time to send and speak unto mankind through His 
Son Jesus Chvist.— The Author. 



32 When Did the World Become a Habitable Earth ? 

What a wonderful harmony and proof of the Divine 
origin and authority of the Scriptures do we discover in 
not only the languages which it uses, the history which it 
records, the doctrines which it advocates, and the life which 
it reveals ; but also here, when we compare the verse under 
consideration with what the apostle St. Paul records of the 
same event several thousand years later! He says "By 
faith we understand" (Literal — we perceive) "that the worlds 
have been framed" (Literal— adjusted) "by the word of God, 
so that what is seen hath not been made out of things which 
do appear'' (Literal — not out of thuigs appearing). (1) 

Thus was the Universe ushered into existence — the sub- 
stance of the reality of matter,— another stage "marked 
by the development of some new idea in the system of 
progress." (2) And to which this earth of ours also, now 
desolateness and emptiness belongs, and whose condition 
here can well be likened to the condition of the moon to-day. 
But of what significance was the "darkness" on high, sur- 
rounding the then already moving earth on every side? 
Was it not the Univei-se of systems, and suns, and stars ; — 
this the gve<-it "deep," the "thick darkness," (3) the "heav- 
ens of heavens, " (4) here wmpped in the blackness of darkness, 
because "light" had not yet been created ; (5) the properties of 
the elements of the "firmament" intended for the earth be- 
tween the "waters which were under the firmament from the 



1. Hch. 11:3. Ps. 33:6. 

2. Manuel of Geologn, hy James D. Dana, LL. D. p. 137, 3tl Ed, 

3. Job 38;9. 4. Ps. 148:4. 5. Gc/i. 1:3; Jcr. 4:3. 



Hoiv Did the Universe Originate f 33 

waters which were above the firraanient" had not yet been 
adjusted ; (1) the aqueous masses of matter and the vapors 
that moved around the sun and the planets of our solar sys- 
tem ; the dense aqueous matter, mineral and metal-rings that 
encompassed the "waste and void" earth had not yet been 
lifted or dispersed. 

That the Universe of worlds did not come ' 'from noth- 
ing," (2) was not in a "chaotic condition," nor a creation of 
"inactivity ," is evident from the fact that nowhere in the 
Universe is nothing found, nor a state of confusion known, 
(3) nor a stage of inactivity discernible. Consequently, to 
speak of the infinity of space and time is equally as absurd ; 
for all those who assert this, affirm that in order to obtain a 
centre of gravity, to become a centre of attraction, this can 
be accomplished or is possible ivithoiit boundaries to our 
Universe and system ; and at the same time they ignore the 
order of things therein successive. (4) Everywhere and in 



1. Gen. 1:6,7. 

2. "The question of absolute creation lias been prejudiced by the per- 
sistent employment of the old formula of 'creation out of nothing,' as 
though (nothing) contained the cause of existence, and the universe was 
developed out of nothing. The Christian Fathers, who first employed the 
phrase ktisis ek tou me ontos, never indulged in such representations. The 
idea they sought to express was that the production of (otherness), the 
awarding of existence to something besides Himself, was an absolutely free 
act of God which was not conditioned by anything external to Himself— in 
a word, that God is the positive original ground of all existence." — Theis- 
tie Conception of the World, p. 93. 

3. If there was chaos in the beginning, there must be chaos now. God. 
is not a God of confusion.— r?je Author. 

4. ''In what manner is the doctrine of the absolute creation of the 
world by God implied in Scripture ? 1st— In all those passages that teach 
that God is an absolute Sovereign, and that the creature is absolutely de- 



34 When Did the World Become a Habitable Earth f 

everything do we discover the power, wisdom and henefi- 
cence of a Hving and ever active God, who is the Creator 
and Originator of all power, all force, all energies. This 
cannot be otherwise ; for action is the logic (1) of reason^ 
reason is the logic of thought, thought is the logic of mind, 
mind is the logic of life, life is the logic of the God-life.— 
The personal God, Who left His imprint of icholeness,— com- 
pleteness and of perfection, even on our solar system in its 
earhest stage of development ; and this by the law of circu- 
larity. (2) "The circle is the archetype of all forms, physi- 
cally as well as mathematically. It is the most complete 



pendent on him, 'in whom we live and move and have our being'— Acts 17: 
28; Neh. 9:6; Col. 1:16; Rev. 4:11; Rom. 11:;36; 1 Cor. 8:6. Now it is evident 
that if the essences and primordial principles of all things are not imme- 
diately created by God out of nothing, but are eternally self -existent inde- 
pendently of Him, then He, in His office of Creator and Providential Gov- 
ernor of all things, must be conditionetl and limited by the pre-existing 
essential properties and powers of those primordial elements. In which case 
God would not be absolutely Sovereign, nor the things made absolutely de- 
pendent upon His will. 

2d— In all those passages which teach that the Kosmos, the 'all things,* 
had a beginning,— Ps. 90:2; John 17:5, 24."— Oi(«j/<C4{ t^ Thcohm, 1j]) A, A. 
Hodoc, D. D., p. 240. 



1. The term h>aic is here used not in its relation to reason; but rather in 
the sense in wliich design is the expression of Mind.— r/ic Authi>r. 

2. "That there are in the activities of nature central and circular ac- 
tions is evidenced by innumerable instances both in organic and inorganic 
productions, and in the actions and movements of the heavenly 
bodies. By central actions rre meant such actions as commence in, or 
act from, a central point, and extend action or energizing power outward. 
By circular action is meant any rounding or circular action that produces 
round forms, or circular motion, or motion that returns through any 
circuitous route to its source; or where dependent and reciprocal actions 
are necessary to complete a cycle or continue an activity^ 



Hon^ Did the Universe Originate f 35 

figure, the most stable under violence, the most economical 
of material ; its proportions are the most perfect and har- 
monious ; and therefore it admits of the utmost variety con- 
sistent with unity of effect. The universe has apparently 
been framed according to this type. Nature attains her 
ends, not in a series of straight lines, but in a series of cir- 
cles; not in the utmost direct, but in the most round-about 



"Concretions are formed on a central point, or nucleus, around which 
concentric layers are gathei'ed from matter in a state of fusion or solution. 
The rounded balls or boulders so abundantly found in some large masses of 
igneous rock formations show that there must have been innumerable cen- 
ters of consolidation around which layer upon layer of fused matter cooled 
and hardened. 

''Nodular spathic iron ore, and many rounded concretions, are instan- 
ces where matter in solution aggregated around a central point. 

"Thei-e are centers of action, repelling and attractive, indicated and 
manifested in the minutest particles of matter. Heat forms repelling cen- 
ters that expand and separate material substances, that in some instances 
cohesion seems to be almost entirely destroyed. Bubbles in water are 
round, and water separates into globules. Granulation shows central ac- 
tions and in many substances produces rounded forms. There are storm 
centers in the atmosphere and circling actions in the oceans. 

"Gravity, one of the universal and all-prevading forces of nature, seems 
to be drawing matter from all directions towards a common center, and 
this common center seems to be the center of the earth; and no doubt this 
force has a centralizing action wherever its influence can be made effect- 
ive, even in minute particles of matter. 

"Vital force in all its incipient actions commences in minute central 
points, forms spheres, and develops them into cells of living matter, from 
which plants and animals are organized in accordance with the particular 
forms of the vital energy. 

"In animal life, especially in the human family, are vital and mental 
centers of action and circulating movements. The heart sends the blood 
through all parts of the body and keeps up its propelling action so that the 
blood is forced to move in an apparently continuous circuit. The brain is 
the center of mental action, the great storehouse of knowledge where infor- 
mation is received and knowledge stored. It is the little central dynamo 
from which the intellectual energy of man transmits energizing, directing 
and controlling power throughout the body, and compels the physical 
powers, and even other forces of nature, to be its subservient agencies. D 



36 TT7ie?i Did the World Become a Habitable Earth ) 

way. All her objects, organic and inorganic, have a ten- 
dency to assume the circular fonn, and in the attainment of 
this form consists their highest perfection. * * 

And as our eyes behold the effects of this law in moulding 
the forms in nature, so our minds furnish us with evidences 



utilizes impressions received through the senses, converts them info knowl- 
edge, and makes this knowledge the power through which it acquires do- 
minion over matter and life and over the forces of nature. 

"The renewal, or reproduction, of life, vegetable and animal, is a cyclic 
and multiplving action extending through a scries of changes from seed to 
seed. So common are these wonderful cyclic actions in life that we scarce- 
ly notice the astonishing changes that take place in the development of a 
seed until it reprwluces its like. It is a remarkable fact, too, that seeds of 
most plants, and eggs of animals, are of a rounded form, thus showing a 
universal tendencv of a central and circular action in vital t-iurgy. 

"Hetween vegJtable and anipial life there are many reciprocal and de- 
pendent actions, which show tht-ir ch.se relation and connection, ami here 
the two form a circuit of life-giving agencies. The wastes of one supply 
the wants of the other, and rounds of reciprocal actions are the su.staiumg 
powers of both. 

"A beautiful illustration of the reciprocal deiK-ndence of vegetable and 
animal life can Ik* seen in a common aquarium. By placing a tlsh in a ves- 
sel of water, the water will in a very 8h..rt time become until f..r the flsh t« 
live in, but bv placing water plants with suflicient earth or stones in the 
vessel, the water will Ik- purified by the plants sn that the ttsh can live; but 
when the plants begin to die and decay, snails <.r worms that will eat the 
decaving vegetables must be added, or the fish will die; with the snails ad- 
ded the water will remain pure for an almost indefinite time. Here are a 
series of actions and reacticms necessary to maintain a certain «..n.litu.n 
that will enable b<.th vegetable and animal life to exist, whuh sb..ws ho« 
closely related and how dependent uinm each other these two kingdoms ol 
life are, an.l how beautifully the law of re.iprocal action between them s 
balanced. The purity of the atm..sphere hiu* been brought alxmt and is 
maintained by similar reciprocal actions bc-t ween vegetable and am mal 
life- through the absorbtion of carbon by the former, which is^exhaknl b> 
the'latteras a useless and dangerous substance, the purity of the atmos- 
phere is maintained, and the circuit of actions and reactions continued. 

-The earth rotates an.und its axis and revolves with all the planets of 
the solar svstem around the sun as their central point; and th.- sun radiates 
li.^ht from"this central position through the whole of this system. Here is 
positive proof of central action and circular motion, and a clear indication 



How Did the Universe Originate 'i 37 

in the plan according to which the different parts of creation 
have been constructed, " (1) 

That our earth therefore has a -globular form need not 
surprise us, nor that its aqueous strata enveloping it, and 
upon whose "circle" (Heb. CHUG — arch, vault, compass) (2) 
the Lord "sitteth" (2) and "walketh" (3) should be the first 
to descend, and thus make "this ponderous substance, 
heavier than iron, which constitutes the solid structure" — 
the "waste and void" — "of our earth, compared with which 
the geological strata of our earth than a coat of paint on a 
brick house, and which must be unlike anything with which 
we are acquainted;" (4) the only habitable planet of our 



of reciprocal depeudence; showiug that in all creation there is a close rela- 
tion and connection, and that while there are special centers of action, and 
•circular and cyclical movements in the minutest particles of matter, and 
throughout all nature up to the forming of worlds and system of worlds, 
and moving the same in circular orbits through boundless space during 
endless time; yet in all these apparently independent bodies of matter and 
■actions of forces there is such a close relation and reciprocal dependence 
as to show that all nature is one, and that all her activities are energized, 
brought into action and controlled by some Great Power, wliof^e center of 
<jLctU)n exists eoeryicherc^ ami whose Uinitinu circumference is nowhere, 

"In the movements of the heavenly bodies we have an illustration of 
the law of central and circular action on a scale of grandeur and magni- 
tude that surpasses all human comprehension, and yet the same law pre- 
vails everywhere, in the minutest particle of matter as well as in a system 
of words. Evidently the general and universal forces of nature liave in 
themselves an inlierent law of central action, and of a circular, cyclical or 
reciprocal moving power, and that these actions and movements always 
produce corresponding effects and results where the conditions are favor- 
able, or where no special forces interfere with these general actions and 
movements. 



1. Bible Teachings^ in Nature, h]j H. Macmillan, D. D., LL. D., p. 312-314. 

2. Isa. 4():22. / Tl 

3. Job 22:14. S pass 

4. Reed's Geolofji^ 



2. Isa. 4():22. / The Hebrew word CHU(J, which means arch, vault, com- 

3. Job 22:14. ) pans is used in both of these passages. 



B8 Wlien Did the World Become a Habifadle Earth ? 

system to thishom', more thar_fillsus with astonishment, rev- 
erence and awe. (1) And yet, such is the case. Astronomers 
inform us: ''Mercury is too hot to be the abode of life, the 
sun pouring upon it with from four to ten times the heat we 
have. Venus can only be habitable when she receives one- 
half of her present heat. All the facts about Mars indicate 
an intense cold, which would render life impossible. Jupi- 
ter, m addition to being a young world, not yet ready to 
invite mhabitants, receives but little. heat from the sun, and 
there are signs of gi-eat hurricanes for weeks together. Sat- 
urn's rings hide the sun's rays, and throw a great part of the 
planet's surface in shadow. Uranus and Neptune are at such 
distances fj^om the sun, whose light and heat diminish ac- 
cording to the square of the distance, that even the Esqui- 
maux would find their climate more intolerable than that 
within an Artie circle." (2) 

"The agencies of acti\'ity in. nature, whether general or special, always 
operate from an interior or central points The sun is the central acting, 
agent of the solar system, and the rays of light radiating throughout this 
system are no doubt the causative agencies of activity in all the movements 
of the bodies within that system, and have much to do with all the activi- 
ties that take place upon the earth. 

''Without the rays of the sun this earth would be a solid body 
of inert matter, notmthstanding the theory that the inter- 
ior of the earth is in an extremely heated condition; for with- 
out the heat produced- by the sun's rays,, the surface of the earth, 
would long ago have been frozen into a solid actionJess mass. 

"Thefact that the. earth is imrt of the solai- system and receives con- 
tinually volumes of energizing power from tJie sun, seems to indicate very 
strongly tliat tlie sun receives in some form a return from the earth, and 
that there is reciprocal and compensating action between the two. How- 
ever this may be, it is a well known fact that the sun is a great central. 



1. According to the above facts, the prophets of Millen i al i s m will 
have to reconstruct their theology.— TTie Author.. 
t>. E. G. in X. Y. 07j86rrer„lB89. 



How Bid the Universe Originate'^ 3.9 

But let us return to the great primitive eartli-laboratory 
— "swaddliiig-band" (1) of the "^reat deep'' (2) of darkness 
moving with the "waste and void" earth in all its motions; 
and upon the face of which "the Spirit of God" dwelt then, 
and does now, — ^including the heart of the believing-, for the 
Christian religion is the manifestation of the abiding of God 
in men's heart, — the victory of faith. In this laboratory 
were stored away the invisible things out of which the vis- 
ible Universe, and habitable earth were to be "framed." 
The original matter-rings, the vaporized minerals and met- 
als that thus encompassed the primitive earth, were to be 
lifted by the cosmical fire and afterwards swung from their 
anchorage, and gradually to sink back again toward the at- 
tracting central body, to form the strata of our present 
globe ; — many of the later strata furnishing the environment 
and habitation for the veg'etable and animal organisms 



■source of activity, and tkat the movjement of the immense bodies of the 
solai' system at a high velocity around this central source of activity, 
shows a great circular moving power: but grand and striking as this illus- 
tration of the law of central and circular action in the solai* activities ap- 
pears, there is in man a concentration of forces, and of laws governing 
their activities, that constitute a m^ore vai-ied and more. perfect system, of 
agencies of activity than can be found anywhere else in nature. 

"In man matter, force and mind— the three elements that constitute 
everything manifested and indicated in nature— are united in one interact- 
ing personality- In this personality are centres of chemical action with 
jperfect laboratories; a centre of vital action supplying the chemical cen- 
tres with vital energy, and receiving in return the vitalized chemical pro- 
-ducts, and thus forming a complete circuit of reciprocal action. But at the 
head, and in the head, of this personality is another center of action, with 
-an energy that permeates every part of the personality, and reaches out 
beyond it in every direction. It is the central sun that lights up the whole 



.1. -Job 38:9, 2. Gen. 7:11; Ps. 36:6. 



40 Mlien Did the World Become a Habitable Earth ? 

therein entombed, and all of tlieni together witnessing the 
successive stages of the transformations through which the 
earth passed before it was a habitable world. 

But this is not all. The vapors of the earth's "deep'* 
were also the ocean of oceans, and the source of all waters, 
when the "dry land*" appeared and the "seas" were formed; 
for the earth was originally a "ponderous substance, heavier 
than iron, * * unlike anj-thing with which we are 
acquainted,'' "waste and void." It was also the remains of 
this belted canopy of vapoi*s which can be likened to those 
which envelope Jupiter and Saturn to-day, possibly more 
dense, that w^ere to give to our first parents a green-house 
roof and climate, where they were in need of no clothing, 
that favored them and their children with a great old age, 
permitted plants and animals to d^velope to a gigantic form 
and size in an earth that knew of no storms or rains for 
1600 years, becau.se neither the canopy surromiding the sun 
nor the vapors shrouding the earth had been disi>elled or 
cleared away ; — until the time when ' 'all the fountains of 
the great deep were broken up and the windows of heaven 



personality, discovers its neetls aud its dangers, and takes charge of it with 
all its surroundings aud uijikes every provision for its nee<is, its safety and 
its comfort. It receives iu return from the other parts the fullest and most 
perfect portion of the vitality. 

"Here are distinct centres of action in a three-fold jK-rsonality, all in 
perfect unity of action and reaction, each dependent upon the others, and 
all sustaining each other and making together a complet whole. In all na- 
ture there are no more and nc* different forces at work, and no different 
laws governing their actions than there are in this personality. Man is a 
complete world in himself— a perfect cosmos; and as a centre of activity he 
stands at the head of creation, as the em])odimeut of all the agencies of 
activity in the past, and as the controlling energy in the progressive devel- 
opment of the future."— J«uic Hoffer. 



How Did the Universe Originated 41 

were opened." (1) When the last and outermost earth-rings 
of the aqueous vapors fell to deluge the whole globe, and to 
destroy all mankind, but Noah and his family, and the ani- 
mals in the Ark which were again to reinhabit the air, dale, 
hill and mountain. In the equatorial Zones it was a down- 
rush of waters, at the poles a down-rush of snow which en- 
tombed the "Mammals" in an ocean of ice. (2) These were 
•'the waters which were above the iirmamenti" (3) the 
"Great Abyss" of the Hebrews, the "Nilus" of the Egyptians, 
and the "Oceanus" of the Greeks. After the downfall of 
which God first "made a wind to pass over the earth" (4) 
which brought sunshine and rain, affected the different 
Zones, and established the course of the trade-winds and 
gulf streams of to-day. 



1. Gen. 7:11; Ps. 36:6. 

2. That the mammals were buried in a down-rush of snow is evident 
from the fact that ''if they had not been frozen as soon as killed they must 
quickly have decomposed by putrefaction. But this eternal frost could not 
have taken possession of the region which these animals inhabited except 
by the same cause which destroyed them."— Cuuier. 

"The ice or congealed mud, in which the bodies of such quadrupeds 
were enveloped, has never once been melted since the day they perished, so 
as to allow the free percolation of water through the matrix; for, had this 
been the case, the soft parts of the animals could not have remained un- 
decomposed. "—Lyell. 

The only cause that could possibly produce what Cuvier and Lyell 
truthfully state,— the immediate death and refrigeration of the Mammal 
and his congeners was none other than the down-rush of waters in the now 
called Torrid and Temi)erate Zones which deluged the continents to the 
depth of the highest mountains; and the down-rush of snow at the poles 
which gave birth to the "Glacial Age" of which Geology has so many won- 
ders to tell. All this occurred in the time of the Noachian Deluge when 
"all the fountains of the great deep were broken up, and the windows of 
heaven were opened." — The Author. 

3. Gen. 1:7. 4. Gen. 8:1. 



CHAPTER IV. 
the appe^ira>x'e of light. 

Oex. 1 : 3, 4, 5. 

''And God said, Let there he'' a new combination of 
the elements to produce '^liyJiC (lid). OR) (1) ''and 
there teas llf/Jd,'" a cosmical tire. "And God saic 
(he light,'' which now for the tirst time illumi- 
nated the Universe "that it teas good: and God di- 
vided" (Heb. BEX— betwixt) "the light of our bolar 
system "from the darkness" {-2) in the thick and dark 
aqueous matter-rings that enveloped the earth. "And 
God called the tight" (3) that illmtiinatcii 'uJa>/, and 
the darhiess" tiiat followed "Jle called night" "And 
there was evening and there ica.s morning, one da*/." 

A striking confirmation of wliat Moses records here is 
found in IT. Vnv. IV. :6, where St. Paul writes: "It is God 



1. "The Hebrew word OR, which i.s usod for 'light,' (ien. 1::J appears al- 
so to comprehend 'fire' in its signification. See Isa. 44:10: 47:14; E/x-k. 5:2, 

2. "Light is the first ncyxiration. It is 'divided from darkness' 'and God 
called the light (?ai/ and the darkness He called niuht: This is God's own 

3. "It is immaterial for our purpose whether, with the earliest evolu- 
tionists, we regard these changes as taking place in a relative homogeneous 
substance, a diffused nebula, or whether, with their later followers, we set 



Honj Did the JJyiinerse Originated 43 

that said, Light shall shine out of darkness" (Literal — the 
God that commanded out of darkness light to shine). The 
Apostle here takes us back once more to the dark abyssmal 
depth, the great primitive laboratory of the Universe 
shrouded still in "thick darkness." (1) The Spmt of God 
that once "hovered over" the midnight "darkness" of the 
upper "deep," directs him to record, that it is there that 



eompared with verse 4.''''— Genesis and Geologijy.hy Denis Crafton^B. u±. and 
Prof. Ed. HitchcocK D. D., LL. D. p. 90. 

naming, and we must take it as our guide in tlie interpretation of the sub- 
sequent 'days.' Obviously, it is * * the phenomenon, the appearing 
itself which is for the first time called day."— r/icisitc Conceijtion of the 
World, p. 148. 

Light not only is here the prime agent of God by which all the trans- 
formations in tlie earth's canopy and on the earth's surface were to be ef- 
fected during the creative period; but it still is to this day the only known, 
agent to which all kinds of motion uppn and axoiuid the pHysical world 
may be traced. 

Then again, how forcibly does this natural light as an agent of the first 
ereation, whose forces effected all the exti-aordinary changes in the creative 
week and have ever since been the balancing power of the material world; 
recall to every Christian the spiritual light as an agent of the second crea- 
tion, whose forces emanating through this "Light of the world" effected 
all the extraordinary changes in the history of mankind, and are ever since 
the balancing power of the spii'itual world.— TZuj Author. 

them down to aggregative action in comparatively solid and discrete 
masses (meteors), like those which we know to exist in large tracts within 
the sphere of the solar system. But the important point to notice in 
either case is this, that these groupings and sub-groupings took place under 
the influence of forces,, and that the potential energy of separation between 
the masses or molecules became kinetic as they clashed together,, and as- 
sumed the form of heat. The various masses thus became each of them a 
sun, aggregating around their several centers, and radiating their energy 
into the surrounding ether."— Fo>"C6 and EneruiJ-, ^iU Grant Allen, p. 34. 



1. Jol) 38:9,. 



44 When Did the World Become a Habitable Earth ? 

light (1) was to originate and to be born. "These were not 
fortuitous happenings that might come to something or 
might come to nothing, but the systematic development of 
a plan devised and determined before the work began, (2) 
and in which, therefore, every change and every movement 
contributed to the result intended from the first." (3) The 
elements originally created by God. and which were the 
framers of the Universe were as yet alone, laboring in dark- 
ness. And it was out of this cosmical darkness where the 
elementa combinations appear merely to have effected thus 
far solar agglomerations such as our formless and matterless 
—"waste and void" earth, that the "light" was to come 
forth. "As yet nothing had assumed definite form or char- 
acter. There were the germs of worlds, but no world. There 
W3re the elements of watar and air and light, while as yet 
there were none of these, none of the chemical combinations 
or mechanical unions so familiar to us now ; and the various 
changes in nature that we know so well to-day, had not be- 
gun. There was absolutely nothing but the dark chaotic 



1. The elements which constitute the lit?ht had no more power in 
themselves to create it, than has a paving stone on the street the power to 
produce motion. The burning of a lamp is a manifestation of the presence 
of ignitable matter, but which it does not manufacture.— T/ic Author. 

2. "The nature of chemical combinations is so occult, and their power so 
enormous, and their recent applications in the telegraph so far reaching and 
astonishing, that some are ready to hope and believe that the long-sought 
for perpetual motion may lie hid away among them." We reply never! 
For then the essence of the chemistry which gave life to the elements 
which gave force to the combination which gave power to an electric 
motor would have to be self-originating, self-preserving and independent 
of the mechanism which gives expression to it.— The Author. 

3. The Creation ami the Earlu Develjpment of Mankind, hi) J. U. Oiapin, 
Ph. D.,p. 22. 



Hoiv Did the Universe Originated 45 

deep." (1) A stage had been reached where a change was 
absolutely necessary, if the oceans of elemental combinations 
and agglomerations were destined. 

What was needed, happened. God, by the word of His 
command again creates. No new elements, for these were 
created at "the beginning-," but a new combination of the 
elements, the chemical action of which would be the pro- 
duction of "light." And it was this combination in the cos- 
mic "deep" of darkness that caused the cosmical fire to be 
born ; — the fire which had become necessary, first, to mould 
and temper the floating agglomerations revolving in the just 
created necessary space; and then again, to develope and 
complete them as rotating planets and stars moving around 
fixed centres. Among the solar fires (2) of the systems of 
the Universe that bound space ; (3) our solar fire also — the 
sun (4) was created, to dispel and dissipate its own cloud of 



1. Di\ J, H, ampin, 

2. Of the cause of this tremendous fire and of the fuel which feeds it. 
science is and ever will be ignorant, for God's work here and everywhere is 
like Himself, beyond finding out. The dRements in themselves which 
originated the Universe — its systems and suns and stars, as well as the light 
which they are here bidden to produce, arc only manifestations.— A symbol 
is not the thing itself,— r?}c Autlwr. 

3. Space is as little infinite or unbounded as is the universe of matter. 
It is hardly reasonable that space should have a lump of matter in it, and 
all the rest be empty, and that to no purpose. This is one view of this sub- 
ject. — If the reader desires an elaborate presentation of the diflferent views 
entertained concerning space and time we would refer him to Browne''s Meta- 
physics pp. 177-272; 6r)7?c,spie's Neccssanf E.vistoice of God; Final Causes, bu Janet. 
—The Author. 

4. See Note 1, of page 42, as quoted from "Genesis and Geology^'' on 
"light" a'nd ''fire.'"' 



46 WJien Did the World Become a Habitable Earth f 

elemental darkness and that of the great primitive earth- 
laboratory which enveloped the world ; to aid by the force of 
its light in the further development and final completion of 
the yet desolate and empty earth. Whose vaporous atmos- 
phere according to some of the most eminent authorities in 
Astronomy is said to have been driven at least 200,000 miles 
from the earth alone, to have embraced and extended far 
beyond the orbit of the moon. Of this new creation which 
gave to the Universe the cosmical fire and to our "swad- 
dlmgband" "—system, the sun, it is said "it was good." Its 
illumination sufficiently effected the belted canopy of our 
earth to enable God to "divide" betwixt the illuminous light- 
rings that were encompassing the earth on its march toward 
the Edenic day; when man, the subject of two worlds, was 
created to represent his Creator and God upon the earth— in 
worship to obey Him, in love to serve Him, and in faith to 
confess Him as the just and holy God, whose Love expressed 
and personified in His Son Jesus Christ, is as wide as the 
Universe, as high as heaven, and as deep as hell. "And God 
called" this diffusion of "light" througli the vap. prized clouds 
"day." "And the darkness" that followed on the r(»tating 
earth, making a revolutff)n from between thivc houi-s and 
twenty-four hours,- according to eminent astronomers^ 
around its axis, "He called night." Thus were the first 
evenin;; and the first morning u.shered into being on the first 
day of our V)ecomiiig earth. 

When the "light" born out of the cosmic "deep" became 
a cosmical fire, and was "divided from the darkness"' of the 
systems which were to rotate around their respective scjlar 
fipe— the sun and centre of each system; Creations negative 



How Did the TJyiiverse Originated 47 

from God's laboratory had first appeared. The features 
most striking and best delineated in this negative of ' 'the 
worlds" were those 5f the earth's stratified aqueous matter- 
rings that shrouded the Bethlehem among the planets. (Ij 
The created visible light out of the invisible original ele- 
ments produced stupendous changes. So gigantic was its 
effect upon the dark rings nearest to the earth, which can 
be likened to the dark sooty matter observed in the belts of 
Jupiter and Saturn to-day — suspending the unconsumed 
carbon which encompassed it as smoke, soot, pitchy matter ; 
that they rushed and fell in immense deposits of black car- 
bonaceous matter and mud upon the bottoms of the fire 
moulds of the earth. (2) The carbonaceous mud alone hav- 
ing been discovered thus far by scientists in the bottom of 



1. "The orbits of the comets, being inclined at all angles to the sun's 
equator, are often out of the plane of his rotation, and fly right in the face 
of the Nebular Theory. The moons of Uranus revolve in a direct con- 
trary to all the other bodies, and so contrary to the Nebular Theory. The 
palpable difference between the lumino.sity of the sun and of the other 
bodies, is in Itself a suflflcient refutation of the nebular theory which 
would make them all out of the same materials, and by the same process, 
and moreover refutes the notion of their common origin by any mere me- 
chanical law, as Newton shows: 'The same power, whether natural or 
supernatural, which placed the sun in the centre of the six primary 

3. "Up to the present time we are ignorant, as I have already remarked, 
of any internal necessity— any mechanical law of nature— which (like the 
beautiful law which connects the square of the periods of revolution with 
the cube of the major axis) represents the above named elements— the ab- 
solute magnitude of the planets, their density, flattening at the poles, ve- 
locity of rotation, and presence or absence of moons— of the order of suc- 
cessions of the individual planetary bodies of each group in their depend- 
ence upon distances. Although the planet which is nearest to the sun is 
densest,— even six or eight times denser than some of the exterior planets, 
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune— the order of succession in the case 
of Venus, the Earth, and Mars is very irregular. The absolute magnitudes 



48 Wlten Did the World Become a Habitable Earth ? 

thousands of upheaved lakes and ponds scattered through- 
out Northern Europe and the United States. In hundreds 
of lakes and ponds that have been drained in Ohio and 
Michigan hy the construction of canals and railroads, and 
also for agricultural purposes, do we find this carbonaceous 
mud without a sign or symptom of vegetation, and there- 
fore, it was not a '-peat-formation'' such as Geologists have 
erroneously been advocating. 

In fact the times are coming to a point when the master 
minds of Geology will of nc-cessity become eminent Astron- 
omers also; besides being well vei-sed in a .system of The- 
ology ; for science in its last generalization nuist be Theology. 
For it is evident from what we have been told already and 
shall learn before the close of this* great foundation subject, 
that both sciences, in fact all three, are so closely allied and 
hnked together, that what is the foundation of one is the 



planets, placed i^aturn in the centre of the orbit of His five secondary plan- 
ets, and the earth in the centre of the moon's orbit, and. therefore, had this 
cause been a blind one, without nnitriiyiiur or f//.s.(//<, the sun would have 
been a bodv of the same kind with .Saturn, Jupiter and the earth: that is, 
without Uuht (Hid heat. Why there is one lx>dy in our system qualified to 
l^ive lit?ht and heat to all the rest, I know no reason but because the author 
of the system thought it convenient.' "-/•Jmric of Ev<Autiim, ]>. a"), :>». 

do, generally, as Kepler has already observed, increase with the distances; 
but this d<Ks not h.>ld ko<m1 when the planets are considered individually. 
Mars is smaller than the earth; Uranus smaller than Saturn; Saturn 
smaller tluin Jupiter, and succeeds immediately to a host of planets which, 
on account of their smallness, are almost immea.surable. It is true the 
period of rotation generally increases with the distance from the sun; but 
it is in the case of Mars slower than in that of the Earth; and slower in 
Saturn than in Jupiter." "Our knowledge of the primeval ages of the 
world's physical history does not extend sufficiently far to allow our de- 
picting the present condition of things as one of development."-Hum/joWr» 
C»<mo», Vol. Ill, i). 2>S, Vol. IV, I). -1:^5. 



How Did the Universe Originate f 49 

foundation of the others, what is the corner-stone of one is 
the corner-stone of the others, what is the key-stone of one 
is the key-stone of the others. Observe, how the condition 
of our planet becomes the standard of the condition of our 
system; how the development of the earth by its aqueous 
rings is also the development of the other planets by the de- 
scending of their rings to-day ? Thus, how beautifully and 
strikingly does this all-comprehending material law of de- 
velopment in the universe and in nature, illustrate the pro- 
gressive growth of God's Kingdom of righteousness and 
blessedness among men ! Our Saviour distinctly teaches not 
only that His kingdom grows, but that it grows by epochs. 
"First the blade, then the ear, after that the full corn in the 
ear." These are the epochs in the growth of the grain; not 
that it grows only in these epochs, but that its continuous 
growth naturally manifests itself in them ; similar to the 
gradual material development of the earth to which Moses 
here has reference, and of which the Astronomers to-day 
speak, when the other planets of our system are mentioned. 
Both dominions — the material and spiritual— were thus or- 
iginated and are thus energized by the same all- wise, all- 
powerful and ever-loving God. 



CHAPTER V. 

THE EARTh's C'ANoPY AND STRATA. 

Gex. 1 : <:, 7, 8. 

''And God said, Let there hv a firmament" for the 
developing earth ''in tlip midst of (LittMMl — in l)o- 
tween) *7//e waters, and Jrl it" — the ne'wly made tiriiia- 
iiicnt ''divide fJie waters" — a(iii('()ii^ liniis ''from tlit 
waters" — a(|U('oiis inattcr-riiiL's thai ('ncoiiii)a>s the 
earth. "A)id God" thii- ^'madt^ (lid). ASAII) -the 
firmamcnit."' (\\v\). KAKIVA— to -trclch, to spread 
out) (1) whicli \\as to lie the earth's; -and" thcrel)}' 
"divided" perinancntly "thf' n-afi-rs irldi-Jt ircre under' 
rllel). TIlAHATIl— lioiii ix-lou", Ix-ncatli) "the Jirm- 
amenf" in the iiiould-inark('(l c.itlh. — -from the icatertC' 
— (Teat oceans ot" water and inatlei- that tloaleil in its 



1. The [lebrew \\«»nl KAKIVA primarily tk-nott-b sn\\xvi\un\nri>iintlal, 
or heatfu out, like a. inetalic \t\iiU\ (Exorl. '.VM-i; Num. 17:4.) Such is the liter- 
al sense of the root from which it comes, ami such, too, is the suKi;ested 
sense of the (Jreek stcnmna, autl the Ijitin finnninnitum. They denote 
solidity, but this belontrs only to the phenomenal conception such as is also 
presented in the oi/;<i;jo jx;?ia7i<i/A-o and ouraiinxiiUnn of Homer.*' -V'/it Six 
Daysitf Cnutioti, etc., hu Prof. Taylor Lcum, p. 117. 



How Did the Universe. Originate f 51 

strata, thick and manifold ''wJtich were above'' (Heb. 
MEAL — over) ^Hhe firmament'' — expanse of the earth : 
'•^ And it was so." (1) ''And God called thei firma- 
ment" — expanse of air, electricity, vapors, etc. 
''Heaven" (2) "And there was evening" — the dark- 
ness which closed the first day, '-and there was morn- 
ing^' — the light which introduced the next day, "A 
second day" 

The work of creation described here is still preparatory ; 
and a complete inversion and explosion of the ' 'Nebular hy- 
pothesis," past, present, and future. The prophet Isaiah in- 
forms us how God not only created the heavens (HASHA- 
MAYIM) of Gen. 1:1; but that He also "framed" (Heb. 
YATSAE— fashioned) the earth (HAARETS) of Gen. 1:1; 
not to remain "waste" (THOHU — desolateness) of Gen, 1:2, 
rather "to be inhabited." (3) In order to reach the destined 
end and object of the earth's creation ; what does God com- 
mand the elements shrouding the earth to do, and how does 



1. ''The Hebrew RAKIYA, from RAKA (to stretch, to spread out), 
means properly an extension, an expanse. This is the translation adopted 
by Benisch, Kalisch, Delitzsch, Keil and Lange. After heat and light, the 
next creative formation is an atmosphere, with its auroral light and a 
cloudy canopy."— r/ictstic Conception of the World, p. 1.53. 

2. It was as though God had said: "Let there be an expanse in the 
midst of the vapors, and let it be a division of vapors from vapors^" 

3. Isa. 45:18. 



52 JVfien Did the World Become a Habitable Earth f 

the "light."" as the agent of God. help to effect it? (1) Job 
furnishes us with the answer, when he says : ' 'The f oujida- 
tions of the earth" and "the measures thereof" stored away 
originally in the •'circle"'— encompassing rings of the earth 
were finally to be fastened."' God "shut up the sea with 
doors"" by the agency of the light, and thus effected the 
firmamental divisions, so that ' 'a firmament in the midst of 
the waters" might appear; the decreed — "set bars and 
doors" which separate— "fZ/r/V/e the watere from the 
waters,'" and therefore well could say: "Hitherto shalt 
thou come, and no further: And here shall thy proud waves 
be stayed."" Thus was "the firmament"" made to "divide" 
permanently "the waters which were joider the firmament 
from the watei*s which were above the firmament"*— "the 
clouds the garments thereof." (2) 

In the vast ocean of a<iuenus matter that was suspended 
on high above the earth were not only the sources whence 
the materials of the strata <»f tlie earth were to be derived, 
but also the forces l)y whicli they were to be Ixtrne (l<»wn 
each at the appointed place and time; and that its revolving 
vapors must have contained great stores of unconsumed 
carbon (3) possibly largely the product of igneous action, is 



1. A very h(»inely illii>tiat i«»n possilhy of what tlu* '*li«l»t" was as a 
factor in the dividiuj:? of the waters from the waters, inijiht Ik? the follow- 
ing: namely, the power of a steam enKine, is the power in the heat passing 
out of the fire into the water of tlie bijiler, and expandliit^ into steam.- T/ie 
Author. 

2. Jn/». :3K:+— 11. 

3. The carbon in the diamond, in cf)al and in linut<.ne, is in essence the 
same as the carbon in oil, in gas and in plants.— T/jf Aiithiu: 



How Did the Universe Originate f 53 

evident from our knowledge of the earth's strata. And that 
it was covered and concealed from the action of the air ever 
since its descent to the earth, is also a universally accepted 
fact. It was when Grod said "Let there be a firmament in 
the midst of the waters, " that He originated and endowed 
the oxygen and nitrogen of the atmosi)here with the power 
of retaining its aeriform condition under all circumstances, 
while the aqueous vapors enveloi)ing the earth were sub- 
jected to great fluctuations. The submerged "peat-beds" (1) 
of a later period were the product of carbon falling into an 
ocean of oxygen. For in this form alone (Carbonic Anhy- 
dride) could it enter into the economy of the plant and be- 
come plant food. (2) 

It was also in this period of the earth's history that jdos- 
sibly the most stupendous changes took place on its surface ; 
besides a complete re-arrangement of its canopy. For the 
crystalline and volcanic rocks— granite and its associates, 
basalt and lava were to be formed. And the thinkers 



1. "There are but few readers who are not aware of the fact that a 
black carbonaceous soil is the superficial covering of many of the northern 
and northAvestern states,— a coating of exceedingly black, soot-like matter, 
—strikingly different from that of the adjacent states. Now since it is 
well known to geologists that all this region thus overlain was once the bed 

2. "The atmosphere now contains less carbonic acid than it did at the 
beginning of the Carboniferous period, by the amount stored away in the 
coal of the globe.''' And which original carbonic acid must have been con- 
siderably diminished in quantity by the time the animals were created; for 
the same higli authority says: "Much more carbonic acid"" than now exists 
in the atmosphere "would be injurious to animal life."— Drt>m, in his Man- 
ual, p. 340-3.53. 

"The great element of nature is oxygen. It forms one-tifth of the vol- 
ume of the atmosphere. It composes between one-half and one-third of 
the crust of the globe. It makes up eight-ninths of all the earth's wA^ter, 



54 JVhen Did the World Become a Habifahle Earth f 

among the scientists will agree and say, that this was alone 
possible by deposits; because of . tb^eij amiform thickness 
throughout the crust of the globe^J(1)'*'Yet' what have these 
deposits to do with the above formations of the crystalline 
and volcanic rocks— granite and its associates, basalt and 
lava, the deposits of the Lawrentian period alone closing the 
Archaean Age, being 30,000 feet in thickness or depth in 
parts of America. What has the sand-stone, lime-stone and 
shale, the "old red sand-stone"' of the Devanian age to da 
with the crystallization and formation of these strata, belt- 
ing and binding the earth 1 We reply all. It was the pres- 
sure of the weight of these strata as they fell to the earth, 
layer upon layer, fracturing and crushing into one another: 



of a vast inland sea, covering more than half a million square miles; in 
the eyes of the geolofdsts at least, we have one feature established that 
points to a deposit of light, primitive carbon from above, viz.: the fait that 
a .sea c.r^•is•f^r^ which was necessary for its distribution and deposition."— 
Storu of tJic Hoch^, i>.{>. Hi2, 1(>:{. 

three-fourths of our bodies, not less than four-lifths of every plant, and at 
least one-liaif of the solid rocks. More than twenty tons of pressure to the 
square inch is required to reduce oxygen to a liquid condition. This will 
give some idea of the chemical force by which it is held imprisoned m its. 
liquid and solid forms. In a tuml)ler of water there are no less than six 
cubic feet of oxygen gas, condensed to a liquid state and held there by the 
continuous action of a force which can be measured (mly by hundreds of 
tons of pressure. "Who can estimate the silent chemical iK)wer by which 
this subtle material is fitted for building the solid and abiding foundations 
of the iMn-th-r-yntural Thndntju; ur Iiati<,)i>tl Thcixnt, bij I'm/. M. Vakntine^ 
T). JJ., LL. D., j>..142. 



]. The following words by Prof. Huxley, delivered in his New York 
lecture some vears ago, sound as though he was an advocate of the 73iW« 
(■hroHi>hm!f He said: "It is perfectly certain that at a comparatively re- 
cent period of the world's history, that epoch which is written on the chart 
as the Cretaceous epoch- it is perfectly certain that at that Hum-, none of 



How Did the Universe Originate f 55 

the increasing pressure of the weight of strata upon strata^ 
that fii^t generated heat and finally fire which melted and 
fused the strata around it. Thus did the conglomerates and 
metals of our earth originate — by th^ pressure of th^ deposits 
one upon the other. (1) The fire which afterwards con- 
vulsed the earth and upheaved the "dryland." And the 
crushed and pulverized remains of the fractured and up- 
lieaved strata furnishing the soil in which "grass, herbs and 
trees" were to germinate and grow, and afterwards again to 
be entombed. 

To illustrate this feature of continent-making and 
mountain-range building more fully we will quote from an 
able thinker and geologist, who writes: "The great Med- 
iterranean is certainly a grand example of the conservation, 



the great physical features which at present mark the surface of the glohe 
existed. It is certain that the Rocky Mountains were not. It is certain 
that the Himalaya Mountains were not. It is certain that the Alps and 
Pyrenes had not existence. The evidence of the simplest possible character, 
is simply this: We find raised up on the crags of these mountains, elevated 
by the forces of upheaval which have given rise to them, masses of cretaceous 
rock which formed the "bottom of the sea before those mountains existed." 



1. "Geologists until recently have spoken of granite as a primitive rock, 
as the nucleus of the earth, and as having been from time to time erupted, 
playing an important part in the general disturbances by which tlie frame- 
work of the earth is supposed to have been constructed. The observations 
■of Daubree and Sorby show that all true granite had been elaborated with 
water, under great 'pressure, at a temperature below melting heat; that it had 
neither been ejected nor had it formed a framework. Thei^e are granites of 
all ages and of many kinds. Numerous observations show that granite al- 
ternates with, and passes into, stratified rocks, and must itself in such cases 
be stratified rock; and that its production does not necessarily involve the 
destruction and obliteration of all the stratified rocks with which it is asso- 
ciated. This view of the nature of granite will greatly affect the theories 
of geology."— r/ic Conversion of Stratified Rock into Qranite, by Prof-. 
Ansted, Bead ttefore the British Association, 18Q7^ 



56 ^Vhen Did the World Become a Habitable Earth ? 

and transfer of energy. Many large rivers pour into it from 
all sides, bearing such enormous volumes of sediment, that 
is not carried to the ocean, but is constantly settling upon its 
bottom; and the frequent and appalling eruptions so ^ell 
known in modern times, cannot but be pure results thereof. 
Can scientists find any other vents than volcanoes, and 
earthquakal agitations for this force employed ? It must be 
accounted for. It cannot be lost. And the question might 
well be asked: Can volcanic eruptions have any other 
cause than that of transmitted or transferred energy? As 
we look around the globe to see all its volcanoes located in 
regions where transported sediment is accumulating, i. e. in, 
and around the ocean borders, and see that no volcanoes are 
located where no sediment can accumulate, can we for one 
moment doubt that we have here the true cause of volcanic 
eruptions. As the underlying rocks expand by the increase 
of heat, arising from additional sedmient continually gath- 
ering upon them in the seas, they must fracture and crush 
into neighboring rocks ; which crushing, must give rise to 
centres of fire susceptible of fusing the beds around them. 
And it is conceivable that sufficient sediment may gather 
over a bed of rock, to liquify the latter. About 65,000 feet 
of steel blocks, piled one upon another, will give rise to suf- 
ficient heat to melt the lowest blocks, or at least to render 
them plastic. Hence the reasonable conclusion, tliat the 
lava that issues from a volcano, is the deep bed rock fused 
by pressure, produced by lateral expansion. Thus we may 
behold even here the grand effort of solar action. Solar 
heat raises the vapor on high ; it falls as rain, on hill and 
plain, swells into a stream, or feeds a fountain, and gathers 



How Did the Universe Originate f 57 

sediment as it runs through its channels to the sea, where 
it adds its increment of mechanical heat to fuse the rock. 
So that the force employed in the grandest volcanic erup- 
tion, is the same in amount as that employed by the sun- 
beam, in raising that vapor from the sea to the clouds." (1) 
Thus did all the metals and conglomerates originate (2) 
upon this our earth when ' 'the waters which were under the 
firmament" were divided "from the waters which were 
above the firmament." The "measures thereof" having 
been established in "the beginning," the number thereof 
when the "light" began x)ouring its rays upon its own and 
the ea.rth's canopy, and the binding up thereof when the 



1. The Story of the Bock, by I. N. Vail, pp. 140, 141. 

2. "Geology lias been a revelation to mankind and lias told ns wonder- 
ful things of the past history of the earth. But geology has secrets of its 
own that are as hidden from comprehension as the atmosphere of the moon 
or the belts of Saturn. Certain things have been done, says the geologist, 
through volcanic action or the agency of fire, and that is as near as he can 
come to it. So that, after all, we see effects, but know little or nothing of 
causes. There is a rock known as amygadaloid, one of the igneous rocks, 
which in some of the gigantic transformations of nature, we will say in 
cooling from a melted state, formed within itself cavities from the size of 
a marble or bead to that of the closed hand. Now, as nature abhors a 
vacuum, she set to work to fill these cavities, and in doing so she used other 
materials, and these combinations produced some of what we call the 
'precious stones of commerce.' Exactly how this was done we cannot tell» 
but we see some hint of the operation in every subtei-ranean cave where 
stalactites and stalagmites are found. Every student knows that this is the 
result of dropping water which contains carbonate or lime. The water 
evaporating leaves a minute particle of lime, which takes something to it- 
self from the earth or atmosphere, and in the course of time bodies are 
formed of a most remarkable character. In probably somewhat the same 
fashion have these cavities been filled in the igneous rocks, and then come 
time and storms and other agencies — earthquakes, perhaps— and the rocks 
are rent apart, and out drops a bead or a boulder, and a curious man picks 
it up, and hammers and breaks it, and then he puts a polish on it by some 



58 When Did the World Become a Habitable Earth f 

"bars" and "doors" were "fastened" (1) — the expansion 
comprised between the water-level and that of the clouds — 
called "Heaven." For "that the work of this day was one 
performed on the clouds, would appear from Prov. 8: 27-29, 
the alluvsion of which to Gen. 1. is evident: 'When He 
established the heaven, I Avas there ; when He set a circle 
upon the face of the deep; ii'hen He made firm the skies 
above ; when the f ountams of the deep became strong ; when 
He gave to the sea its bound, the waters should not trans- 
gress his command ; when He marked out the foundations 
of the earth.'" (2) 



process more or less advanced, and lol he holds in hi \and an agate or an 
onyx. 

"Many of the stones used in the arts have no other origin, and are de- 
posits of silica, alumina, oxide of iron and other coloring substances. It is 
the color or the arrangement of colors that gives the name, and thus we 
have agate, onyx, chalcedony, carnelian, sard, chrysoprase, sardonyx and 
others, all members of the quartz family and all having a family resem- 
blance. The agate has veins of different shades of color in parallel lines. 
Sometimes those are very close together, as many as fifty to the inch, but 
this is unusual. AVhen there are alternate bands of color and a transparent 
medium we have the onyx; but the latter may be obtained by cutting the 
stone in a different way. * * Nature produces some very strange 
forms occasionally, and agates are found with exact resemblances of moss 
and other natural objects and figures, which are very curious and often 
very valuable."— ^mc/-<ca?i AnaUjat, 1890. 



1. Job 38:4-11; Juh 26:8-10. 

-2. Gennesis am Gcolngy, by D. Crofton, p. 68. 



CHAPTER YI. 

SEAS, CONTINENTS AND YEGETATION. 

Gen. 1: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. 

''And God said'' m the morning of the third day,. 
''Let the waters under the heaven'' — expanse "be gath- 
ered together unto one place ^'^ (1) subside in the moulds 
and depressed portions of the earth's surface, '*And 
let the dri/ land'' — those portions of the earth's crust 
designed for the future continents "appeai^" (Ileb. 
RAAH — to be seen) "and it was so." "And God 
ealled the dry land" which appeared "earth; and the 
gathering together of the waters^ called He seas: And 
(y-od saiv that it was good." (2) "And God" again 
^'said, Let the" upheaved and dry "earth put forth''' 
(Heb. DASH A — cause to germinate) " grass ^^ herb 



1. "The expression 'wjicfe?^ t7«6 7iectU6?2,' is evidently used to denote uni- 
versality, in MUtverso terr'arum orl)6 ; as in Job. 37:3. Compared, especially. 
Job. 28:34,— 'He seetb under the whole heaven,' 'Let the waters be gathered 
together.' ''''—The Six Days of Creation, hy Prof. T. Lewis, p. 123. 

2. "The whole aspect of these passages,, (Ps. 90:3; 104:6) taken in con- 
nection with the brief account in Genesis, gives strongiy the impression 
that the place for the gathering and abiding of the waters was made by tliis 
upheaving action in the earth, the very action, if we say nothing now of 
duration, to which the geologist ascribes the growth and form of islands 
and continents."— Six Days of Creation,, hy T. Lewis^ 2>. 137... 



60 When Did the World Become a Habitiible Earth ? 

yielding seed, and fruit tree hearing fruit after its 
kind'' (Heb. MIX — species) "ivherein is the seed 
thereof — that have seed in theEiselves : viz., have a 
power ill their root, branch, leaves, buds or tVuit, to 
propagate their species, ''upon the earth: audit was 
so." (1) ''And the earth brought forth'' (Heb. 
YATSA — cause to go out) ''grass," — in the sediment 
of the ruptured and upheaved strata ; for the ascend- 
ing seethiniJ: vapors from the waters of the "seas" just 
lodged in their beds of hot and burning strata, pro- 
duced a climate mild and warm for it to o^erminate. 



1. "The origination of organic Life in Nature remains an open ques- 
tion. Our knowledge extends at present only to its reproduction and in- 
crease. To these there is a sufficient key in well known laws; and they may 
be carried to any extent without deniandinyc the supposition of other than 
familiar agencies and established principles. But the question of the first 
arising of the living state, the primary direction of the chemical or other 
force to produce an organic arrangement of the elements, remain as yet 
undecided. There is no difficulty in conceiving such a modification of 
chemical action to arise in accordance with the natural laws, and that 
there should be forces existing which must operate, under given circum- 
.stances, to determine the organic arrangement of elements when it does 
not exist before. Indeed, M. Berthelot's magnificent experiments, in which 
some of the simpler organic substances have been formed from tlieir ele- 
ments by the application of force in the laboratory, seem to exhibit this 
very fact before our eyes. And the differences pointed out by Professor 
Graham between the two great divisions of matter (the crystalling, aud the 
colloidal or gelatinous) have a most suggestive bearing in the same direc- 
tion. He remarks respecting the latter (or colloidal) substances, that they 
contain force; 'the probable primary source of the force appearing in the 
phenomena of vitality.' He shows, too, that there are many other forms 
of this kind of matter besides the organic: the hydrated silicic acid, for 
example, from which in geologic periods flint appears to have been formed. 
He compares these substances to water kept from freezing at a tempera- 
ture below 32 deg., or to a saline solution more than saturated with the 
salt, and readv to crvstallize on the slightest shock:— a condition of tension 



How Did the Universe Originate f 61 

^'Herh yielding seed after its kind, and tree hearing 
fruit, wherein is the seed thereof after its kind,''' a per- 
manent feature and characteristic of trees. ^^God saiv 
that if' the work of this day ''^cas good;'' in the 
clouds, upon the surface of the earth, and in the varie- 
ties of seeds ; — all together allwise in their arrange- 
ments, perfect in their execution, and well fitted for 
their respective ends. ''■And there ivas evening," the 
darkness which closed the second day, ^'and there was 
morning," the light which introduced the next day "a 
third day." 

The thoughtful reader has, doubtless, observed that the 
only instance when the work of creation was not pro- 
nounced ''grood," occurred at the close of the second day. 
The plain reason for this omission was, that the work was 



essentially tlie same as tliat whicli is tlxe great distinction of the organic 
substances. But still we do not know in what way the organic state of 
matter may have arisen in nature. We are equally in the dark, indeed, as 
to the origination of any of the other forces or arrangements of the ele- 
ments; and the entire body of our knowledge must be advanced bsfore we 
can satisfactorily discuss it. The difficulty is increased by the absolutely 
contradictory results, hitherto, of the experiments made by different ob- 
servers to ascertain whether organized bodies arise in infusions of vege- 
table matter, without the presence of germs from which they may be de- 
veloped. Each man will probably entertain his own opinion. My own is, 
that both organic matter and organized creatures did probably, and pos- 
sibly may still, arise in the ordinary course of nature. And I am confirmed 
in this opinion by the emphatic language (three times repeated) of Genesis: 
*And God said, let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and 
the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself upon the 
earth: and it was so. And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding 
seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself after 
his kind.' Gen. 1: 11, VI. ' And again: 'And God said, let the waters bring 



62 Wlien Did the World Become a Habitable Earth ? 

not yet completeci— the process of division in the atmos- 
phere, the separatiojn of the sea and dry land, and the cre- 
ation of grass, herbs and trees,— had not yet been 
efeected. (1) 

The Psahnist, besides eulogizing the power and majesty 
of the Creator in the most forcible language when he says : 
^'OLord my God, thou art very great; Thou art clothed 
with honor and majesty. Who coverest Thyself with light 
as with a garment ; Who stretchest out the heavens like a 
curtain; Who layeth the beams of His chambers in the 
waters; * * His ministers flaming fire." Also par- 
ticularly emphasizes the modus operandi of the work of the 
third day. He writes: ''Who laid the foundations" (Heb. 
YABAD— founded the earth upon her basis) "of the earth. 



fortli abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly 
above the earth in the open firmament of heaven. And God created great 
whales and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought 
forth abundantly after their kind.' Gen. 1: 20, 21. And again: 'And God 
said, let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle and 
creeping things and beasts of the eai-th after his kind; and it was so.* 
Gen. 1:24. , ^. . 

"It is indeed remarkable that in the teeth of these words the religious, 
sentiments of men should have been roused against the opinion that the 
earth and the waters brought forth, or might be supposed probably to have 
brought forth, living creatures- * * * We dismiss^ however, a& 



1. "M. Barrandi, after noticing the fact that no trilobites are found 
below the Silarian rocks, though remains of plants and marine worms are 
preserved there, and that the trilobites appear at once in great abundance,, 
thus comments upon its bearing upon Darwinianism: 'AH these sudden 
manifestations of life under new typical forms, appearing constantly and 
everywhere with the plenitude of their distinctive characters, are in com- 
plete discord with the hypothesis of a gradual development by insensible 
and successive variations, since such a transformation can only be wrought 
put through an indefinite series of intermediate forms, of which no trace 
has been found in any country."' ''—Errors of Evolution^ p. 231. 



How Did the Universe Originate f 63 

that it should not be moved forever. Thou coverest it with 
the deep" (Heb. THEHOM of Gen. 1:3,) ''as with a vesture: 
The waters stood above the mountains. At Thy rebuke they 
fled; * * They went up by the mountains, They 
went down by the valleys," (Literal, the mountains rose, 
the valleys sank down,). Unto the place which Thou hast 
founded for them. Thou hast set a bound" (Heb. GEBUL — 
an enclosed place) ' 'that they may not pass over ; (1) That 
they turn" (Heb. SHUB — to turn back) "not again to cover 
the ear til. He sendeth forth springs into the valleys ; They 
run among the mountains ; They give drink to every beast 
of the field ; * * By these the fowl of the heaven 
ha^ve their habitation, they sing" (Literal, utter their voices) 
"among the branches, * * The earth is satisfied 



premature, any discussion of tlie origin of organic life, or consequently of 
the vital force. But we perceive that from our present point of view the 
vital force exists simply in a peculiar arrangement of elements, involving 
a tension of a special kind. By whatsoever means this ari'angement may 
be produced, the force thus embodied in it is equally called vital. The 
characters of the force are due to that arrangement; they flow from it 
rather than are concerned in its production; just as in the case of the other 
forces, such as heat or electricity, the peculiar properties they manifest are 
the results and not the causes of the states of matter in which they con- 
sist. * * The vital force, then, is like the other forces in nature in 
this, that it causes, or exists in, a state of tension; it is peculiar in respect 
to the characters of the tension in which it is exhibited. One of these char- 
acters is so striking and universal as to deserve especial mention. An al- 
most constant process in the rendering inorganic matter organic is the 
giving off of oxygen; as constant, in the return to the inorganic state, is its 
absorption. The whole process may be said to constitute a great de-oxida- 
tion and re-oxidation; the de-oxidation produced by force and constituting 



1. Prof. Dana rightfully claims that the foundation— outlines and 
iDoundaries of the continents are of old,— T/ie Author. 



64 WTien Did the World Become a Habitable Earth f 

with the fruit of Thy works. He eauseth the grass to grow 
for cattle, and herb for the service of man; * * 
And wine that maketh glad the heart of man." (1) 

But let us also hear science explain how the ''drv' land'' 
was to appear and "the gathering together of the waters" 
was to become seas. The ' 'more than 40, 0( )0 feet of Archaean 
beds * * formed as sediments from the first ocean, 
it was that much of the mineml and metallic frame, each 
a foot of thickness only adding weakness to the mighty 
casement of the earth. The lowest beds possessed a certain 
degree of heat as a result of mechanical pressure, and pos- 
sessed certain dimensions resulting from that degree of heat. 
The watei^ at that time had their beds ; and as those beds 
deepened, the mechanical pressure in such places increased 
on account of the gravitation of watere thither. This in- 
crease of pressure augmented the heat, of the lower beds; 
this augmentation increased their dimensions and necessarily 
produced local plication. This occurring in the deep seated 



a tension, the re-oxidation a return, a rebound as it were, to tlie former 
state, reproducing the force. And on the constant supply of oxygen all 
functional power, and therewith the continuance of the life, depends. The 
living body and the atmosphere around it constitute an inseparable whole. 
The once united elements still retain, in reality, their coherence— put asun- 
der by force, and for temporary purposes, but pledged as it were to a deeper 
and inviolable union. In the re-uniting of the parted elements is effected 
the end and object of the whole process, the functions of animal life- 
Complex, wonderful and beautiful as it is, surely the wonder and beauty 
of the organic world rise in this view to a yet greater height. For in the 
de-oxidation and re-oxidation of the hydrogen in a single drop of water, we 
have before us, truly, so far as force is concerned, an epitome of the whole 
lite."— Life in Nature, hy James Hintuih Pli- 15, 16, H. Ed. 



1. Ps. 104:1— 15. 



How Did the Universe Originated 65 

beds, naturally forced rocks between others, and this from 
necessity produced elevation upon the surface. Here the 
evolvition of continents began. But this beginning was not 
until late in the Archsean times. This continent-making 
and strata-bending did not take place until the Laurentian 
period closed. For the conglomerates and coarser and beds 
which show violent agitation and movement of waters, lie 
uncomformably upon the lower beds." (1) 

"The scene which the surface of our planet at this 
eventful hour presented, must have been one of supreme 
and terrific grandeur. * The land, as elevated from the 
depths * ^' was, of course, bare and barren, the 
hollowed valleys, the oozy plains, and the trickling 
mountain sides, were alike destitute of all vegetation ; no 
tree, no bushes, no grass, as yet, adorned the wet and slimy 
ground. But this condition of things was to be of short 
duration." On the self same day, when the climate be- 
came mild and warm, through the ascending seething va- 
pors from the waters of the "seas" just lodged in their beds 
of depressed and upheaved, hot and burning strata; and 
this, after the sediments of the ruptured strata were de- 
posited among the boulders and pebbles of the previous 
eruptions of the earth's surface, to furnish the soil and en- 
vironment for the coming vegetation; then "the word 
went forth that stocked the earth with all sorts of trees, and 
shrubs, and herbs, and grasses, which were endowed with 
power to reproduce and spread their kind till the earth was 



1. story of the Rocl(S, %). 218. Dana's Manual, p. 159. 



66 When Did the World Become a Habitable Earth f 
covered, and to perpetuate their respective species to the 
end of time." (1) 

What a lofty demonstration of the wisdom and good- 
ness of God do we here discover, even in the very midst of 
these vast and fearful convulsions of the earth^s crust, and 
in the ''grass, herb yielding seed, and fruit tree bearing 
fruit after its kind" which were to germinate and grow upon 
the upheaved continents. (2) Were they not the prophetic 
forms of what was to follow-were not these "earlier organ- 
ic forms to forshadow and predict othei-s that were to suc- 
ceed them in time?" Thus "a principal of adaptation to 
special ends prevades all existence, and that it must be as- 
sumed as the ground of scientific explanation of the facts and 
phenomena of the universe, is avowed by the first scientists 
of the age. 'We can not be content, ' says Dr. Lay cock, 'with 
simply determining the mere relation of things or events- 
an existence, a co-existence, a succession, or a resemblance 
—and not inquire into the ends thereof. Such a doctrine 



1 The Ternhle Catastrophe or Biblical Dduac. Uhist rated and cr,rrohor- 
ated by Tradition, Muthohm and Geohnpj. To which is added a Bruf Interpre- 
mion of Creation, by Rev. G. C. H. Has>ikar\, pp. 204, 26o. 

2. -The globe, notwithstanding all the changes through which it has 
passed, has not been diminished or increased in size or bulk The m^^^^ 
structibility of matter is an axiom in physics ^^^'\\7\^^^ ^s to ^aT 
atom of matter is just as uncreatable as it is indestructible-that ^^ to sa> 
a new particle of matter can no more be brought ^^^^ ^-''''%%'^^IZ 
atom already in existence can be destroyed, without the power of Him ^\ ho 
creSeditatthefirst. Therefore, this globe retains the size and weight 
rmparted to it in the morn of creation. It has lost nothing-it bas gained 
nrhhg. There are certain changes going on. Old affinities may be broken 
Z but new ones will be formed. Every element, and even every atom has 
Tts'special mission, and their missions they will perform. The particle of 
moisture that glistens, in the early morn, as a dewdrop on some beautiful 



Hoiv Did the Universe Originated 67 

applied to physiology would, in fact, arrest all scientific 
research into the phenomena of life ; for the investigation of 
the so-called functions of organs is nothing more than a 
teleological investigation.' 'A law of design is the higher 
generalization of the great uniformities of nature.^ In his 
inaugural address at the meeting of the British Association 
of Science at Edinburg, Sir Wm. Thomson said: 'I feel 
profoundly convinced that the argument from design has 
been greatly lost sight of in recent speculations. * * 
Overwhelmingly strong proofs of intelligence and benevo- 
lent design lie all around us ; and if even perplexities, whether 
of a metaphysical or scientific character, turn us away for a 
time, they will come back upon us with irresistible force, 
showing us through nature the influence of a Free Will, and 
teaching us that all living beings depend upon one ever- 
acting Creator and Rider. ' 

' 'Every enlargement of our knowledge of organic nature 
is an addition to the already numberless instances of recog- 
nized special adaptation which crowd us on every hand ; 



flower, may once liave trembled as a tear in some weeping eye, or sparkled 
in the sunlight on the crest of an ocean wave, or been crystallized into a 
beautiful snow-flake lighting down on some alpine summit, or,, it may be, 
passed into the life-current that has beat at some breaking heart. I say 
that all the elements are obedient to the will of God, and to the mission 
which He has assigned them in the economy of the universe There is a 
constant equilibrium maintained. You see the ocean is always sending up 
its watery vapors. But the ocean is always full. The vapors go up in 
clouds, and descend in rain, and are poured into the ocean again. It is just 
so with the atmosphere. It goes from the south to the north, and frora the 
north to the south, but it is never exhausted. Not a particle is ever 
wasted. It circulates and circulates, and heaves the lungs of man and 
beast the world over, but it never tires of its raission, and not a particle is 
ever wasted, etc."— iWoscs a72d the PMlosophcrs.by S. A. Hodgman, M. J. C.^ 
pp. 89, 90. 



68 When Did the World Become a Habitable Earth f 

and all scientific discovery is but an illustration and a veri- 
fication of the apriori intuition of the reason that a principle 
of design is co-extensive ^vith the the highest law of the 
universe. Not merely of each individual existence, but of 
the grand totality of existence, are we constrained to believe 
that it exists for a purpose. Above all special ends there is 
a great ultimate design of creation— a last and final end to 
which all intermediate ends are means : and though physical 
science can not fully compass that final purpose, yet in the 
light of its present knowledge of special ends it has abundant 
reason for assummg that there must be a final purpose, and 
that that final purpose is at once beneficent and wise.^^ (1) 



1. Theistic Conception of the WnrkJ, pp. 129, 130. 



CHAPTEK VIL 

THE LIGHT-BEARERS, 

Gen. 1:14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. 

''A7id God said'' in the dawn of the fourth day, ''let 
there be lights'' (Heb. MEAROTH— h'ght-bearevs) (1) 
— illuminators "m thefirmament oj the heaven" which are 
'-Ho divide the day from the night" — to divide between 
the day and between- the night; ''and letjhem he for 
signs" to all the living, sis^ns of the power, wisdom and 
goodness of God, "and for seasons" (2) — by their 
steady progression in their orbits they would bring 
eventually the different seasons in their rotation, "and 
for days" to measure out the alternation of day and 
night, "and years" — the grand division of time by 



X. "The Hebrew word employed in verse 14 (MEAROTH) wliich is un- 
fortunately rendered 'lights' in the Authorized (and Revised) Version, is a 
different word from the 'light' (OR) of verse 3-5. MEAROTH strictly means 
*light-bearers,' or bodies giving light. This distinction is carefully observed 
in the LXX., DeWette, Benisch, Kalish, Tuch, Knobel, Delitzsch, and Keil. 
The fourth creative formation was the establishment of such cosmical con- 
ditions or relations as should enab?e the heavenly bodies to fulfill their 
light-giving functions to the earth."— Dr. Coc1ier''s Theistic Conception of the 
World, p. 154. 

2. "Gesenius interprets for 'signs, and_for seasons' by en dla dnoin as if 
it were, for 'signs of seasons,' '"'—Genesis and Geology^ p. 69. 



TO When Did the World Become a Habitable Earth f 

which all successions of duration are distinouished, and 
which they would also continue to describe and deter- 
mine without cessation or mistake: "-and let them'' — 
these appointed illuminators *'5e for liglds" (Heb. 
LIEROTH) "m the jivwtament of heaven to give light 
upon the earth: and it was so.'' (1) ''And God 
made" — ordained them — 'Hhe two great lights''' (Heb. 
HAMEOROTH— the light-bearers) 'Hhe greater light" 
— the sun, the elements of which were not here first 
created — 'Ho rule the day ; and the lesser light" — the 
moon, the substance of which existing from the begin- 
ning with the earth— "f'o ride the night i" "He made 
the stars also" to appear in the firmament of the heaven. 
"And God set" — placed "them in the firmament of the 



1. "All modern science compels ns to posit as starting point a primo- 
dial state of the universe in which its various masses, molecules, and atoms 
stood apart, from one another at unknown distances. But each particle had 
inherent in it those forces which were destined in the future to effect its 
aggregation with every other. 

"The universe as a whole has a common centre of gravity, towards 
which all its various masses are attracted. Those masses still possess po- 
tential energy in virtue of their separation from one another and from this 
central point of union; and it is clear that if they were to aggregate sud- 
denly around that point, their potential energy would hecome kinetic as 
they fell, and would be transmuted into heat as they clashed together at the 
common cosmical meeting-place. It would then be radiated off into the 
ether, and the matter would gradually assume a solid and perfectly aggre- 
gated form. Now, it is possible that some of the sidei*al masses may be thus 
gravitating towards the common centre in a direct line; and if they are^ 
then it is clear that their motion is the correlative of their previous separa- 
tion. But it is more probable that the various suns are prevented from ag- 
gregating directly with one another by some form of continuous motion. 
We are sure in the case of the best-known large masses— the earth andotheir 



How Did the Universe Originate ? 71 

heaven to give light upon the earth ;" (1) and thus by 
the diffusion of li<^ht ^'to rule over the day and over the 
nighty and to divide the light from the darkness: and 
God saw that it was good. And there ivas evening'' — 
the daikness that ch)sed the third day "cmtZ there ivas 
morning''— the light that followed '''a fourth day." 

In the works of the previous day our attention was di- 
rected to the great problems of the geology of our planet ; 
how that the dry land appeared, the waters retired to their 
ocean beds, and the earth was invested with all the variety 
and beauty of grasses, herbs, and fruit-bearing trees. And 
who can tell what additional layers of strata found in the 



planets— that tliey are prevented from aggregating with their relative cen- 
tre, the sun, by the continuous energy of their orbital motion. We also 
know that certain special suns— the double stars — have such a relative mo- 
tion with regard to one another. We further know that all stars have a 
proper motion whose cycle is so immense that it cannot be measured by the 
short period of human observation. It is probable, therefore, that the 
ascertained cause which prevents central aggregation in tlie known cases 
< namely, orbital motion) may be fairly extended to the unknown cases. 
We may conclude, accordingly, that all the heavenly bodies are prevented 
from aggregating around the common cosmical centre of gravity owing to 
their possession of a relative orbital movement. Of course, there may be 
many cycles of such orbital movements one vv^ithin the other, as we know 
to be the case with the satellites which circle round a planet, while the 
planet circles round the sun, and the sun has his own proper motion. All 
that is contended here is merely this— that each mass or set of masses is 
probably prevented from aggregating with each other mass or set of masses, 
around their relative centre, or around the absolute cosmical centre, by 
some continuous kinetic energy, analogous to the known orbital motion of 
the planets and their satellites."— Force and Energy, etc., by G. Allen, p. 33, 



1. Jei\ 31:35; Ps. 104:18, 



72 WJien Did the World Become a Habitable Earth ? 

Silurian beds, and in the calcareous and carbonaceous mat- 
ter of the Devonean formation, descended from the ' 'curtain- ' 
(1) of "waters" (1) which canopied and belted the earth, and 
in which the "gi*ass, herbs and fruit-bearing trees'' after 
germination, here again partially entombed, to lay dormant 
for a season and afterwards to re-invest the continents and 
islands with their variety and beauty? (2) For the Astro- 
logical changes of this fourth day, — the "Age of Eain" as 
science has been pleased to call it, when the sun and the 
other planets of our system were for the fii^t time to rotate 
together as they do to-day — certainly very materially 
affected and disturbed the aqueous matter-rings of the higher 
atmosphere of the earth. Before the light of the "lights" — 
light-bearers and illuminators — could at all i^enetrate the 
seething streams of the firmament of the heavens, change 
the dark and cloudy horizon of the earth's fii-st morning 
from bronze into golden hues, who knows, what these ad- 
justments and collocations were ; what downfalls occurred, 
and how the vegetation and the inhabitants of the seas were 
affected? For even in this period of the earth's history the 

1. Ps. 104: 2, 3. 

3. That forms of life still exist which have come down through all the 
changes from very early periods, is evident from the Liivjulae and the 
NautilU which have survived even from the Cambria period until now. 
Again, that plants and animals according to the record of creation have a 
common origin, is also confirmed by science; for says Piof. G. L. GoodaJe, 
in his address before The American Association for the Advancement of 
Science, in 1S89, on ""Some Recent Investigations Relative to Cell-contents," 
after an able review of the origin of the term and the use of the word 
''protoplasm;'''' that "all the work in the contiguous fields of botany and 
zoology has made no physical or chemical distinction between the living 
matter in animals and iila.nts.''''— Proceedings of the American Association for 
the Advancement of Science, p. 265, 1889. 



How Did the Universe Originate f 73 

"greater and lesser'" lights, no more than garnished the 
heavens with their diffused rays; and these original "Ughts" 
were in after centuries to adjust the day and the night, the 
seasons and the years? An uj)per sea of great waves, sepa- 
rated from the transparent firmament, still concealed and 
hid the "lights" from the earth. 

If Moses had stated, that the sun and moon had appeared, 
not on the first, but on the fourth day, he certainly would 
have blundered. But observe, with what accuracy Moses 
makes his statements, how widely he separates the develop- 
ment of the earth from the development of the sun's light. 
' 'It required a much longer time for these changes to pass, 
upon the sun than upon the earth, for the sun is more than 
1,200,000 times larger than the earth; and the time required 
to work important changes bears some proportion to the 
bulk." (1) How then were the "grass, herbs, and fruit- 
bearing trees" to germinate and grow? We reply, sunply by 
the temperature and climate which Vv^ere transmitted to the 
earth's surface by the light and heat, which penetrated 
through the sun's and the earth's canopy of vapors ; together 
with the heat of the warm vapors arising to the firmament 
above, from the waters of the "seas" coming in contact with 
the hot and burning strata just upheaved. The sun there- 
fore was not known to the early human race otherwise than 
a lighter; and first only after the darkness of the sun's 
canopy had been dispersed and dissipated, and the outermost 
aqueous-rings of the mundane firmament had fallen to the 



1. iyi\ Chapin^ 



74 ^Mlen Did the World Become a Habitable Earth ! 

earth: then it < the sun) was known as a lijliter and a heater, 
d) Here the language of Scripture, on whose pages no con- 
tradictions are found, again becomes our witness; for the 
wTjrd from which the term "Hghts' is derived in the Hebrew, 
is in no pr>ssible sense synonymous with the words which 
mean sun or moon, and which in fact, the reader will tind 
used first after the Deluge, when uvu in tnitli cMuld s*.' and 
feel the presence of these lights. 

Tlicn tirst did these •li^dits" lie<-nine ' 'signs to all the 
living, — signs of the power, wisdom and g<MKlness of G(kI, — 
signs to the mariner of his coui-se on the trackless dtH.'p,— 
signs to the husbandman for sowing his seed and gatlu ring 
his harvest,— signs to the traveller in tracing his path 
through the gloom of the forest, or over the wilds of the 
desi»rt; 'and f«>r seasons,"— by their stea<iv progrtnwion in 
their appomted orbits they would brmg on spring and >^um- 
nier, autumn and winter in their due rotation; "and for 
days,"~by their established revolutions they wuuhl measure 
out the alternation of dav and night ; "and years"— the gnmd 



1. "Nothing is mori- rfUiarkahU-, even in ihe i>re».eiit hlate of i»hysiral 
«cience, than the fact that, untler the KubtiU" analysis of nuMlern ph.Nsien, 
niui-hthat we have been aeeu^tonied to n-Kanl a.-* i»henomena of matter 
dissolves and di!saiiiK?ars, surviving «>nly as |thenonu-na of Fttrce. Tlie phe- 
nomena of heat, li«ht. rohir, sound, electricity, and nmu'netism are now 
'modes of motion'— manifestations of one and t he siime omnipresent eiiency, 
which is tninsfcrre«l from one jnirtion of matter tt» an«»ther, and mmlifled 
or transformed simply by the mechanical arrangements and coHocations 
of matter. The opini«.n is rapidly tfainim; Knauul that even chemical ac- 
tion is a mode of motion, and I'rofcswir Norton <loes not hesitate in atflrra- 
in^that 'nllthf i)luif>imna «./ niiittrinl mittin UifuU fnun the actUm nf furce, 
iilH,n nuitlir/ All that we mean by a Material Force 'is a force which acts 
7/;jofi matter, and produces in matter its own apprtipriate effects." It is not 
an attribute of matter, not a quality inherent in nmtter, but amodeorstate 
superimpo.sed upon matter.'-T/itirfic Onutittiim of the Worhl, vp. 1:2, 123. 



How Did the Universe Originate % 75 

division of time by which all succession of duration is dis- 
tinguished, and which they would also continue to describe 
and determine without cessation or mistake. (1) Thus did 
God make provisions on this fourth day of creation, sixteen 
hundred years before and ever since man has been enabled 
to behold the sun and moon in the earth's firmament cease- 
lessly and efficiently performmg their mission. 

An able author expresses himself in the folloAving man- 
ner on the works of this day. He writes : ' 'I must now re- 
mark upon two passages of Gren. 2, which appear to confirm 
the view that assigns the first creation of all things to 'the 
beginning' and the preparation of our earth to tlie 'six days." 
The first of these is in verse 3, 'God blessed the seventh day, 
and sanctified it ; because that in it He had rested from all 
His work which God created and made' (Literal, 'God cre- 
ated to make'j. The 'creation' and 'making' are not identi- 
fied as an act; they are rather individualized, and 
distinguished from each other, and the former placed ante- 
cedently to the latter, a position well according with a 
'creation' in 'the beginning/ and subsequent 'making' on the 
'six days.' 

"The second phrase is in verse 4: 'Tliese are the gene- 
rations of the heavens and of the earth when they were 
created' (BEHIBAREAM) 'in tlie day tlie Lord God made' 
(ASOTH) 'the earth and the heavens.' This also seems to 
distinguish between the 'creation' and 'making,' and to show 



1. r/ic Trnihk Catastrophe, etc., pp. ;>r;?, 273. 



76 ^^l^en Did the World Become a Habitable Earth .? 

that the account in Gen. 1. refers principally to 'days.* (1) 
This appears from continuation of the passage, verse 5 : 'and 
every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every 
herb of the field before it grew ;' evidently alluding to chap- 
ter 1: 11. I think it worth remarking, that we here find 
reason also to expect so much of our planets history as was 
absolutely necessary, or, if not so, why the particularization 
in the day, that the Lord God made the earth and the 
heavens r Why not a detail of everything concerning the 
earth, consecutively to 'These are the generations of the 
heavens and of the earth when they were created f " (2\ 



1, Unfortuiuitcly the writer here separates the first verse of (renesis 
from the verses that foUow. But this does not in the least invalidate his 
excellent scriptural artjunient.— T/j<' Author. 

2. Geucifiii aiul (Jeoloun, hu Iknis Crnftnii, ii. 'M-'Xl 



CHAPTER VIII. 
sea-monstees and birds. 
Gen. 1:20, 21,22, 23. 

^^And God said, lei the ivaters"^ of the "seas" be the 
element and place to ''bring forth ahundanthj' (Lit. 
— Swarm with swarms of living creatures,) '-'-the mov^ 
ing'' — rabidly multiplying '' creature that hath life, and 
letJowV — all the living creatures that can raise them* 
selves into the air by means of wings, insects, as well 
as birds ; ''fly above the earth in the oj) en firmament of 
heavtn^^ (Lit. — That may fly on the face of the expanse 
of the heaven,). ''And God created'' (Heb. BARA ) 
"the great sea-monsters, and every living creature thai 
movetU' (Literal — that hath a soul of life,) (1) — rep- 
tiles and am|:)hibious animals, "which the icaters hrought 



\. Life itself, like many otlier tilings, eludes all definition. We only 
know that it is an organizing principle or power, of which there are three 
forms differing in manifestation. These forms are vegetable life, known 
by growth: animal life, known by locomotion; and spiritual life, known by 
rationality, consciousness and moral feeling.— Tftc Author. 

''It is through /i7c, that organism lives and moves and has its being, but 
■f/jf It/c i^sc?/ we cannot see. We cannot weigh it in balances. We cannot 
measure its form or dimensions. W^e cannot touch its body or substanco% 
AVe cannot hear the sound of its coming or going;— it is invisible, indivisible, 
and inconceivable. 

"The person who attempts to explain life, be it that of the plant or the 
brute, the animal, temporal life of man, called in the New Testament jJ8iw7?fi. 



78 Tilien Did the World Become a Habitable Earth f 

forth abundantly" hy the command of God ''after their 
kind& and every icinged foicl after its kind: and God 
saw that it was good.'' ''And God blessed them,'' that 
is, God gave them power to propagate their species by 
generation, to increase into a countless multitude^ 
^-'saying, be fruitful and maltijply, and Jill the waters 
in the seas, and let the ioid rnultijAy in the earth. And 
there was evening^ — the darkness of the previous day 
"^Hind there icas morning" — the light which followed "a 
fifth day.'' (1) 

"It is remarkable that both the record of nature and. 
the record of the Bible concur in ascribing the origin and 



«r the religious life, both as enjoyed here anda&contitriied hereafter, called 
in the New Testament 2«>f;— even the varied manifestations of it, in the in- 
organic or orgauit-, the terrestrial or celestial;— might as well attempt t«> 
tlcfiue Eternity,— describe the God of all creation, the Autbcxr of all life, as. 
He exisfits in the far back depths of that I^ernity."— T/ic AiUhnr in hia Work 
on bA-oUition CM TtutijJit in tlu BHih. i>. 'J7. 

"All the force, all tlie heat, all the motion, in the non-living universe is. 
incompetent to develop a living moiuul; and this the physicists know." — 
Protoijlaxm, or MaUer nf Lift:, hy Lionel Beak, p-UTO. 

"A mechanical origin of the first organisms from inorganic matter, has, 
thus been proved» * * to be a necessary hypothesis."— f/wforj/ of 
rrcatioUr hy Dr^Hcrckeh T^r»L2, p. TiH. 

"Whence is lifei Creation by law, evolution by law, development b)-^ 
law, or, as including all those kindred ideas, the reign of law, is nothing 
but the reign of creative force directed by creative knowledge worked un- 
der the control of creative power, and in fulfilment of creative purpose." — 
Kciun of lAin\. hy Duke <>f AnjyU, it.Ti'i.—QiinUd in EaAutijju a» Tauuht in 
the Bihle. p. 4(). 



1. "The unity of plan in beings so diverse as, a fish, a bird, a man, is. 
conclusive proof of their creation of one intelligent Creator."— Robert Pal- 
tcrmm- 



How Did the Universe Originate f 79 

^earliest existence of animal life (1) to the sea, where we are 
told there are 'creeping things innumerable.' The sea is 
even y^t the great storehouse of animal life, and it would 
seem * * * to have been the only theatre of 
its development. This great cosmical truth, revealed to the 
ancient Hebrew prophet, is not without its scientific signifi- 
cance. In a physiological point of view, it indicates the im- 
portant fact that the conditions of animal life are -easier in 
the sea than on the land. There both the most minute and 
the grandest forms of life can find suitable conditions, and 
there the feebler tissues and the less energetic vitality can 
succeed in the battle of life. In the geological relations, it 
shows that it was necessary that the land itself, to be suit- 
able to the support of the higher forms of life, must be born 
from the sea, and that the action of marine organisms in 



1. "The gist of our present inquiry regarding the introduction of life 
is this: Does it belong to what we call matter? or was it inserted into 
matter at some suitable epoch— say, when the physical condition became 
such as to permit the development of life?" "However the convictions 
here and there may be influenced, the process must be slow which com- 
mends the process of natural evolution to the public mind. For what are 
the core and essence of this hypothesis ? Strip it naked and you stand face 
to face with the notion, that not alone the mere ignoble forms of the horse 
and lion, not alone the exquisite wonderful mechanism of the human body,, 
but that the human mind itself — emotion, intellect, will, and all their phe- 
nomena—were once latent in a fiery cloud. Surely the mere statement is 
more than a refutation." "I do not think that any holder of the evolution 
hypothesis would say that I have misstated it in any way; I have merely 
stripped it of all vagueness, and bring before you unclothed and unvar- 
nished, the notions by which it must stand or fall. Surely these notions 
represent an absurdity too monstrous to be entei'tained by any sane mind." 
—Prof. Tjiiulall in a paper read Inj him before the British Associ<xtion, cited in 
'^'Cliristianitij and Positivism,'''' p. 31. 

On this subject of evolution, Prof. Dr. Franz DeUtzsch, of the Leipzig 
University, Germany, expresses himself in the following manner in a letter 
ivliich the author received from him. Among other things he writes : "Die 



80 When Did the WorTd Become a HabifabTe Earth ? 

beeping up beds of tbeir skeletons was one of tbe necessary 
preparations for tbe actual condition of our continents^ 
Botb records give us a grand procession of dynasties of life, 
beginning from tbe lower forms and culminating in. 
man/" (l\ 

"X\\ previous animals tbat we know bad respired in tbe 
water by means of gills or similar apparatus. Now we bave 
animals wbicb must bave been able to draw in tbe vital air 
into capacious cbambered lun^s, and witb tbis power must 
bave enjoyed a far bigber and more active style of vitality ; 
and must bave possessed tbe faculty of uttering truly vocal 
sounds. AVbiit wondrous possibilities unknown to these 
creatures, perbaps only dimly perceived by sucb rational 
intelligence as may bave watcbed tbe growtb of our younjc 
world, were implied in these gifts ! It is one of tbe remark- 



verschiedenen Species der Creaturen bilden fine aufsteitrende Srala, aber 
nich so dass cine Species sich aus der audern entwickelt. Die biblische 
Scha'pfunKs Idee ist durcbausanti-Darwinistisb, und sie wind durcb die 
Erfabninu nicbt widerle^'t, sondcrn bcslatitikt. Evolution im ))ibliscben 
Sinne, ist Entwuckluntf, der vom dem Scbci-pfer in die cinzelnen Species 
der Creaturen t'elefj^te Triebkraft — Kcln Microoscop kann diesc in den 
Protopbasnien licKtnde unters( liicdlicbe praiforuiation zu uutcrscbeiden. 
diese praiforniatire ist das Wcrk und (Jebeinniiss de^• Scb«rpfcr. CJott ist 
es der den Hestand der Wtlt .^clKipfcriscli IjcuTundet bat und ibn erhailt. 
Die Hetn-un duntr war cin Mirackcl und <lie Erbaltun^ ist ein Mirackel. 
VerKcblicbsucbt die Wissenscbaft den (iott. wdcber allein Wunder tbut, zu 
Eliminiren."' Sir J. Win. Ikiu'snu, L.U />-.«»f McCiill Tniversity, Montreal, 
Canada, expresses bimself tbus in a letter to tbe autbor: "I bave ceased 
to write anything on evolution, except wben it conies in tbe way in treating 
»)f otber matter. * * It apix'ars to me to lie outside of tbe domain 
of legitimate science, and to be a pbilosophical fancy wbicb, like otber? 
tbat bave preceded it, must run its course/*— r?if Author. 



1. Dr. Bau^m quoted in The Tcrrihle Cataxhnt.hv <,r BihJiral Ikluoe^etc. 
hy liiv. (I. C. H. HaxHknrl. />. 2SS-2iiO- 



Hoiv Did the Universe Originate f 81 

able points in the history of creation in Genesis, that this 
step of the creative work is emphatically marked. Of all 
creatures we have noticed up to this point, it is stated that 
God said, 'Let the waters bring forth;' but here it is said 
'God created not, whales, but reptiles J ^^ (1) 

"Birds are described as being brought into existence 
after fishes and sea monsters. This position of birds in the 
Mosaic record is remarkably in accordance with the geolog- 
ical chronology of th^ir appearance. The earliest traces of 
birds yet discovered are in the Triassic period ; and it is only 
in the chalk period, just after the reign of great sea mon- 
sters and reptiles of the Wealden, that birds appear to any 
extent in the fossil remains. (2) Birds are the most distinc- 
tive and best characterized class in the whole animal king- 
dom. There is a constancy in the nature of their covering 
which does not admit of the variations found in mammals, 
reptiles and fishes ; for every bird brings forth its young 
alive, or produces them in no other way than from eggs, 
consisting invariably of yolk, w^hite and calcareous shell, and 

1. TerribU Catastrophe or Biblical Deluge, VV- 292, 293. 

2, "The Lingula family is represented by species in our present seas; 
and so also the Discina and Nautilus families. Among Vertebrates some 
of ancient Gars are very much like our modern kinds, and on Triassio 
genus, ccratodufi, is still represented in Australian seas. Such facts, coming 
up from the past, through ages of unceasing change, declare emphatically 
the unity of system in nature^ 

"This truth is further manifested, in the fact of a general parallelism 
hetween the progress of the earth'' h life and the successive phases in embryonic 
development. The almost egg-like simplicity of the earliest living species 
of the rocks— the Rhizopods among animals, the Infusorial plants,— is the 
first illustration Geology presents. 

"The earliest Crustaceans of th^e Phyllopod group closely resemble the 
young of some of the higher groups of living Crustaceans; and the early 



82 Wien Did the World Become a Habitable Earth f 

incubated by artificial heat. Ko bird deviates in its skele- 
ton from the typical form, as the whale does among mam- 
mals, and the serpent among reptiles. No bird deviates 
from the ordinary mode of generation of its class, as do the 
marsupials from other quadrupeds." (1) 

These are the new creations of this day ; — the word itself, 
BARA (to create) being used here for the first time since the 
record in the first verse. What had been done and made in 
the interval between was the mere re-arrangement of 
existing matter; now first is life introduced, and it re- 
quired not simply construction, but creative power. The 
three expressions ' 'great sea monsters, every living creature 
that moveth, every winged fowl after its kind,*' are intro- 
duced so as to embrace all forms of life in the air and water. 
Life itself, like many other things, eludes all definition. We 
only know that it is an organizing i:>rinciple or power, of 
which there are three forms, differing in manifestation. 
These forms are vegetable life, knoAvn by growth ; animal 
life, known by locomotion; and spiritual life, known by 



Fishes liave cartilaginous skeletons, just as is now true of the higher Ver- 
tebrates when in the eiiibryouic condition. 

"Again, the Gars of the present day have a vertebrattd lobe to tlie tail, 
which they lose on becoming adults; and so the Gars had vertebrated tails 
in the young world, which feature was lost in the progress of the Mesozoic 
era. The Amphibians afford a very similar illustration. So also the birds; 
for, as the young often have a tail of several disconnected vertebrae, which 
contracts much on passing to the adult stage, so the earliest known of the 
bird type had long, vertebrated tails, such as no modern bird can boast and 
complain of.""— Manual of Geohigy, hu Jainea D. Dana, L.L. D., iip- '>•♦•*, 595, M 
Edition. 



1. Dr. Triatiatn, quoted in The Terrible Catostrojihe, pp. 293, 294. 



How Did the Universe Originate f 83 

rationality, consciousness and moral feeling. And it was in 
virtue of the first blessing here pronounced that the life 
animating the tribes of the air and sea have continued to 
multiply and increase to the present day. 

Well has it been said : "The beginnings of the charac- 
teristic of an age are to be looked for in the midst of a pre- 
ceding age ; and marks of the future coming out to view are 
prophetic of that future. The age of mammals was fore- 
shadowed by the appearance of mammals long before, in 
the course of Eeptilian age. And the age of Reptiles was 
prophesied in types that lived in the earlier carboniferous 
age. Such is the system in all history." (1) "The life of 
all these geological periods is full of mute prophesies, to be 
read only in the light of subsequent fulfillment ;" (2) — a con- 
ception not the less true of even the material changes which 
are set forth in the creative week itself. For observe only 
how that the dividing of "the waters under the firmament 
from the waters above the firmament" produced the most 
extraordinary changes in the earth's canopy and upon its 
surface; how that the placing of the "greater and lesser 
lights" in the firmament again very materially affected the 
aqueous matter-rings and the vaporized metals and min- 
erals, causing them to fall in deposits — strata of a uniform 
thickness the world over ; and how^ these very downfalls in 
deposits became the cause, — the pressure of the weight of 
these strata upon strata, — of the upheaval of "dry land" 

1.. Manual of Geology, p. 137. 

2.. Story of the Earth and Man, by Sir J. Wm. Dawson, L.L. D., p. 78, 8th 



84: When Did the World Become a Hahitable Earth f 

and the depressions of the "seas/" having produced earth- 
quakes and volcanic eruptions hy their Aveight. These 
changes or as science has expressed it "exterminations'' (1) 
were in truth "remarkable for their universality;" for they 
produced all that bound and belted the earth, above it, 
around it, and upon it. 



1. "It will be necessary to consider a difficulty wliich, to many minds, 
lias presented itself, from the fact of the discoveries of geology having 
shown the existence of physical suffering and death amongst the brute 
creation, throughout ages ante-cedent to the introduction of sin into the 
world by our first parents. This appears to arise from a too hasty general- 
ization of those passages which denounce death as the penalty of trans- 
gression, Gen, 2: 17; Rom, 5:12; 6:23; James 1:15, etc.; but upon examination 
nothing will be found in them to warrant anything further than the belief 
that sin brought death upon the Jniman race. It will be necessary to con- 
sider Rom. 8: 20-22, a little more in detail. We here find, 'for the creature' 
(ektisis) 'was made subject to vanity, not willingly, biit by reason of him 
who hath subjected the mme in hope, because the creature itself also shall 
be delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the 
children of God. For we know that the whole creation' (])((Ka c ktms) 
•groaneth and travaileth in pain together until now. It is evident that the 
inference to be drawn from this passage depends upon the interpretation 
given to the phrases c ktisi)< and paaa c Misis, whether they be applied to the 
whole creation, or only to the human species. That the latter signification 
is to be considered the correct one appears from the only places in the New 
Testament where pasa ktisls occurs: 

Mark IG: 15. 'Go ye into all the world, and preach tlie g(jspel to every 
creature' (pflwe tektisci.) 

Col. 1: 15. 'Who'— the 'dear Son' of 'the Father'— 'is the image of the 
invisible God, the first born of every creature' ( pascn ktlscuti). Ver. 23: 'If 
ye continue in the faith grounded and settled, and he not moved away from 
the hope of the gospel, which ye have heard; and which was preached to 
every creature' (jja.sc tc ktisei) 'which is under heaven.' 

I Pet. 2: 13. 'Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man' (jjase andro- 
pine ifffi.sfO,— literally, to every human creature,'— 'for the Lord's sake.' 

In all these passages, pa><a ktms seems to be only applied to the human 
race, and therefore both ktiais and pasa Minis, which plainly refer to the 
same thing, should be also so limited in Rom. 8: 20-22."— Gencsw and 
Geology, hy D. Crofton, B. A., and E. Hitchcock, D.D. L.L. D., p. 93-95, 
IVhithy's comment upon Rom. 8: 20-23, i-efcis it to the huma)i race also. 



CHAPTER IX. 

BEAST, CATTLE AND MAN. 

Gen. 1 : 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31. 

''And God said, Let the earth bring forth (1) the 
living creature after its hind, cattle and creeping tiling, 
and beast of the earth after its kind; and it teas so.'' 
''And God made the beast,'' the wild {inim.-ils, such as 
lions, tigers, bears, etc. ; especially all such as are 
carnivorous, "of the earth after its kind." That is, 
God not alone created and contrived the different 
species of animals in all their variety of forms, in- 
stincts, and habits ; but He also made them to produce 
each its own kind, and its own kind only, through all 
its successive generations. "And the cattle after their 



1. "'Let the earth bring forth.' It is not to be supposed fi'om this par- 
ticular mode of expression that creative power was delegated to the earthy 
or that prolific virtue was imparted to the soil, to produce its own living 
tenants; for, in speaking of the actual execution of the work in the next 
verse, it is explicitly stated that it was God that created them, one and all. 
Omnipotence alone is adequate to produce living beings. Spontaneous gen- 
eration of life is a thing unknown.—Every existing living organism has 
come from a parent, and every original parent came from the hand of God, 
for He alone can produce life."— D?-. Mollis, in The Terrihlc Catastrophe, or 
Biblical Deluge, etc., pp. 295, 29G. 



86 When Did the World Become a Habitable Earth f 

kind,'' the various species of tame and domestic ani- 
mals, such as sheep, oxen, horses, etc., — all herl)ivor- 
ous creatures. '''And everything that creepetJt upon 
the ground after its kind,'' such as serpents, frogs, 
worms, etc. ; ''and God saw that it was good.'' 

"And God" after a solemn pause, having looked for 
a model by which to frame man - this exquisite piece 
of woi'kmanship, and findinii it in Himself, said, Let us 
(1) make man (Heb. ADAM) in our image, after our 



I. '"'"''Let US mdke man;'' thus placing the origin of man outside the 
chain of physical causation, and ascribing it to the immediate agency of 
God. Besides, the creation here spoken of is the production of a sijhituaJ, 
not a meterial entity. God created man in /j»*r oim inuidc.'' This creation 
cannot be a formation out of a pre-existing matter, for no form of matter 
can possibly bear any resemblance to God (Acts 17::il».> 'God is Kj*»n7,' And 
man can be like God only in so far as he is endowed with a spiritual nature. 
.Spirit alone can bear the image of God. Whatever may be the teaching of 
Genesis as to the origin of the human body, be it a formation, * * * 
there is no uncertainty in its laugxiage as to the origin of the human spirit. 
It is an inbreatliing from Ciod. It proceeded directly from Him. By n«> 
mere figure of speech, but by a Divine reality God is 'the Father of spirits,'. 
and man is the offspring and the image of (iod. This likeness of God lifts 
man out of the sphere of mere nature— it sets him apart in the essential 
characteristics and endowments of his being as afxn'c nature, and in some 
aense divine.''''— Tin is^ic CnnaiAion of the Woiiil, h\i Dr. ("ockrr, p. 1.59. 

"That human souls are immortal, and that they do not perish with the 
bodies, can be clearly and firmly established from the Holy Scriptures 
alone. Gerhard produces the scriptural proof: 1. From the distinct asser- 
tion of our Savior, Matt. HhUS. 2. From the opposition of soul and body. 
That in which soul and body are opposed to each other antithetically can- 
not in like manner be predicated of both. But immortality, soul and body 
are opposed to each other in such a manner that mortality is affirmed of 
the body, but denied concerning the soul. Therefore mortality cannot be 
liredicated of both in like manner, cf. Ecc. 12:7. 3. From the original crea- 
tion of the soul. The souls of brutes were produced from the same ma- 
terial as their bodies, whence, when their bodies perish, the souls them- 
selves likewise perish. Gen. 1:2«J. But into man he breathed a soul» Geu.2:7» 



How Did the Universe Originate f 87 

likeness.'' (0) That is, let us make a being that will be 
free and self-conscious ; that will resemble us intel- 
lectually and morally. (1) ''And let them have do- 
minion over'' sublunary things, the fish of the sea, and 
over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over 
all the eix.rth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth 
upon the earth," ''And God" formed the body of 



whence we thus infer: 'a soul whose origin is different from that of the 
souls of brutes does not have the same end with the souls of brutes/ But 
now the primeval origin of the human soul is different from that of the 
souls of brutes, because it was made not of an elementary material, as the 
souls of brutes, but divinely breathed into the body formed from the earth , 
Therefore, to the body there is ascribed paMs (the being moulded) from the 
dust of the earth, but to the soul the immediate empneiisis (inspiration) of 
God. 4. From the name itself. * * The human soul is called spirit, 
Ecc. 3:31; Acts. 7:58; Hebr. 12:23. 5. From the continuation of life after 
man's death. Matt- 22:23; Mark 12:26; Luke 20:37; Hab. 1:12. 6. From the de- 
scription of death. Gen. 25:8; 35:29; 49:33; Dan. 12:13; Acts. 26:18; Col. 1:12."— 
Quenstedt, in Tlie Terrible Catastrophe, pp. 332, 333. 



0. "Bei Mensch und Thier ist die Seele Trager des Lcbens, daher als das 
Subject genannt, wo es Erhaltung, Rettung, Gefahrdung, Verlust, des Leb- 
ens gilt. * * * Die Seele vereinigt zunachst das ganze leiblich 
organisirte Leben in sich, und ist insofern, wie activ, so auch passiv, mit 
dem Leib und der sinnenwelt verbunden; wie das Leibesleben mit ihrem 
Daseyn steht oder fallt, so ist sie selbst w'ieder in ihrer Wirksamkeit und 
Zustandlichkeit abhangig vom Leiblichen. * * * jj^ dieser Ver- 
wobenheit mit dem organischen Leben, auf welcher der ganze sinnenwelt- 
licJie Lcbens — Verkehr der Seele beruht, existirt und wirkt die Seele als 
Odem im Athmungsprocess (hebr. Naephaesch, griech. Psudie lat. Anima); 
hierdurch ist eben das Thier und Menschenleben ein animalisches, ath- 
mendes, von dem bios vegetativen Stoffleben (der Pflauzen) underschieden, 
und letzteres, das vegetative Leben, bei Mensch und Thier mit dem ani- 
malischen Leben zu Einem Organismus oder Leibe verknupft.'' 



1. Eph. 4:24; Col 3:10. 



88 Wlien Did the World Become a Habitable Earth ? 

Adam oat of the ground (1) and ^'created" the l)ein<r 
of the creature life of '^man'' (HAADAM AYTH 
ELOHBI VAIYIBERAA) 'Hn his oiun linage, in the 
linage of ^tOcI created'' (BAliA) ''He him;'' to become 
His representative upon the earth. For reasons stated 
in the following chapter, verse eighteen, ''male and 
female created He them ;'' signifying at the same time 
that the race was to be constituted male and female. 
(2) "And Goil blessed thevtC' — gave them power to 



''Die Menschenseele ist urspriBglich und wesentlicli weder ein tiberir- 
disclies Geisteswesen, nocli ein irdisches Sinnenwesen, soudern geschaffen 
dtircli das uberirdische Einwehen des goettlichen Lebensgeistes in den 
Kcerperlicben Stoff, vereinigt sie in ihrer Odemsthatigkeit ein Doppcllehen. 
xiberirclischgeistige Lehcmlnaft in sinnliehci- Lehemform luul Wirhsaml^eit. (I. 
Mos. 2:T, vrgl. Pred. 12:7; 3:21; Jes. 57:16; Job. 20:22; Hiob. a3:4.) Indem das 
Geistige bei ibr Durcbans verwebt ist in das Sinnenleben, nnterscbeidet 
sicb der Menscb von dem Geistern; indem aber das Sinnlicbe wiedei- dur- 
cbans verwebt ist in boeberer Geistigkeit, nnterscbeidet sicb der Menscb 
von den Tbieren, denen nur ein irdiscbes, leiblicb belebtes Seelenwesen 
zukommt (I. Mos. 1:20, 24; vrgl. Pred. 3:21; Jer. 2:24.) V^ermoege ibrer geis- 



1. "Tbe preposition 'of or 'ont of,' is not authorized by tbe original. 
Dr. ^\Tiedon reads tbe wbole passage as follows: 'And God developed' 
(VIA YITSER) 'tbe man— dust of tbe eartb— and breatbed into bis nostrils 
tbe breatb of lives, and tbe man became to a living person.' If tbe body of 
tbe second Adam, the Divine Man, was a birtb (a miraculous birtb), we do 
not see tbat anyone need be shocked at the suggestion that tbe body of tbe 
first Adam was also an extraordinary or supernatural birth."— Dr. Cockcr'a 
T heist ic Conception of the World, pp. 165, 166. 

2. Just as God created tbe essence of tbe substances of the Universe 
at "The beginning," so to does He here create the essence or germs of 
mankind with the creation of the first man;— He "breathed into his nos- 
trils tbe breatb of lives:' "God created the whole human family in the 
loins of tbe first man— Adam; from whose substance Eve was made. Gen. 



How Did the Universe Originate % 89 

propagate and multiply upon the face of the earth. 
"^7icZ" in virtue of this blessino^ ^'God said unto tliem^ 
he fruitful^ and midtijily and j^eplemsh the earth,'" (1) 
throughout all ages, ^^and subdue it'^ by cultivation, 
exploration, and investigation, ^'•and have dominion 



tigen Lebens-Energie hat die Mensclieii-Seele Natur unci Kraft eincs uber- 
similidiUcliten SelJ:>st-Beiciisstseynsimd Erkennens an sich, ist ein goettUcher 
Leucht-Odem (Sprcliw. 20:27; vrgl. Hiob. 32:8; 27:3, fl. I. Kor. 2:11; Luk. 11:35.) 
Hierin llegt die Grundlage der moralisch intellectuellen Ausbildung des 
Mensclien iind seiner Verklarung ins goettlicbe Leben, wenn die Seele 
ihrem Lebensquell, dem Geiste Gottes, getreu bleibt nnd Lebenszufluss 
daraus schoepft; eben so wird durcb. die LicbtnaUir der mensclilichen Seele 
das ganze Sinnenleben des Menschen licbtartig (intelligent) bestiramt, und 
der Leib erbalt seeliscben Cbarakter (I. Kor. 15:44, 46, soma pTiuchikon 
seeliscber, Luther: naturlicber Leib.) Umgekebrt aber, wenn die Seele ihr 
eigentliumliches Lebens-Elenient, die Gemeinschaft des goettlichen Geistes 
verliert, und nur Lebenzufluss schoepft aus der sinnlichen Naturwelt; 
erloescht auch ihre Lichtkraft im Sinnenwesen, die Seele selbst erhalt 
einen sinnlichen, eiteln Cliarakter, und ihre uberirdisch geistige Lebens- 
Energie erstirbt (Pred. 3:19-21; vrgl. 2 Petr. 2:12; Ps. 49:13 ff. Sprchw. 8:35, f . 
Matt. 10:28.) Die Geistiglicit der Seele kann im Sinnlichen allmalig unter- 
gehen, wie ihre Sinnlichkeit im Geistigen allmalig verklart aufgehen."— 
Umriss der BiNiscJien Seelenlehre, von Dr. J. T. Beck, pp. 2, 3, 7, 8. 

2:22, and in whom 'all have sinned,' Rom. 5:13; I. Cor. 15:22. This doctrine 
is taught also by St. Paul, in his Epistle to the Hebrews, chapter seven: 
verse ten; where Levi, the great grandson ot Abraham, is represented as 
paying tithes to Melchisedec; while he, the remote descendant, to be born 
two hundred and forty-six years later, was yet in the loins of Abraham.'" — 
Evolution, as Taught in the Bible, etc., by Rev. G. C. H. Ha.^skarl, pp. 41, 42. 

"Eve was not co-ordinate with Adam, but represented in him * * 
Eve was taken from Adam, but this was no new inbreathing from God. 



1. Jm 5 Kapitel, wo die Geschlechtstafel Adams verzeichnet ist, heisst 
es im Anfang: 'Am Tage da Gott Menschen schuf , machte er sie in dem 
Bilde Gottes. Man & Weib schuf er sie und segnete sie und nannte ihren 
Namen Mensch, heb'r. Adam, am Tage da sie geschaffen wurden.' Auch im 
9 Kapitel, V. 6, wird noch einmal besonders hervorgehoben 'im Bilde Gottes 



90 Wien Did the World Become a Habitable Earth f 

over the fish oj the sea, and over the foid oj the air, 
and over every living thing that moveth upon the 
earth:' (1) ''And God said, Behold, I have given 
yon every herb yielding seed, ivhich is upon the face of 
all the earth,'" that is, all the cereal plants, such as 
wheat, corn, rye, etc., whose peculiar distinction and 
characteristics are to produce seed; ''and every tree, 
in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you 



She was the emanation, so to speak, of the whole man— the effluence of his 
body and soul, and the life of the whole race is that one united life. Eve is 
called the mother of all living; but Adam is the source of all living, includ- 
ing Eve. There is then but o?ic /(unuin life in the jro/W— perpetuated and 
extended through the generations— the emanation of the first life, that of 
Adam."— The Conservative Reformation and its Theology, etc., hy Charles P. 
Krauth, B. D., p. 381. 

"As Eve proceeded from out of Adam, so does the Church proceed from 
out of the Second Adam (Gen. ii. 21-24), members of His body, being of His 
flesh and of His bones (Eph. v. 30). Jesus Christ is called the Last Adam 

hat er den Menschen gemacht.' Das also, worin alle Berichte uberein- 
stimmen, ist die Gottes bildlichkeit, und zwar gab Gott ihm nicht bloss von 
seinem Geist, es ist also nicht bloss von geistiger Ebenbildlichkeit die 
Rede, sondern auch, wie der Wortlant zeigt, von physischer. Die Gottes 
bildlichkeit bezeugt auch der Psalmist S, (J: 'Du hast ihn ja nur wenig ger- 
inger gemacht als Gott' und Jakobus 3, 9 nennt die Meuschen 'nach dem 
Bilde Gottes gemacht.' 

"Nach diesen Berichten besteht nun der Mensch aus dem Erdenleib, 
Oder Fleisch und Gebein, dem von Gott eingehauchten Geist und der Seele. 



1. :Many of the species here created were afterwards preserved to the 
world by the means of Noah's Ark alone. And that the animal species of 
to-day have very materially diminished in size and form, from f heir prede- 
cessors, need not surprise us, when we take into consideration the climatic 
changes, that have wrought them;— the severity of the winter and the 
excessive heat of the summer;— of which changes, the original creations 
know nothing, for their climate was paradisiacal.— r/ie Author. 



How Did the Univen^e Originate f 91 

it shall he Jot meat^ (1) and to every beast oj the earth, 
and to every fowl of the ah\ and to every thing that 
creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life,'" — that hiith 
a living soul ; "i have given every green herb for meat; 
and it was so.'' That is, all grasses and succulent 
plants, whose nutritious qualities reside chiefly in the 
stems and foliage. '-'And God saw every thing that 
He had made'' (AYTH KAL — all of the essence or 



(I. Cor. XV. 45). Wliy is this name given to Him? As an aftertliougM, sug- 
gested by the First Adam? No. But because the First Adam, in the very begin- 
ning, was iistituted to be to the race natural what the Second Adam is to the 
race spiritual, or the family of the redeemed; and, therefore, he is expressly 
called a figure or type of Him who was to come (Rom. v. 14:).'''— Studies in 
the Creative Week, by George D. Boardman, D. D., pp. 25, 26. 

"If all the branches and twigs of the old trunk of humanity were ger- 
minally in Adam, the whole stock of the new manhood must be in Christ. 
He is the vine and we the branches. Each branch of the vine shall become 

Aus dem oben angefuhrten Wortlaut I. Mos. 2, 7 f olgt, dass der Mensch erst 
durch Gottesgeist-Verleihung ein Lebewesen, eine Seele wurde; die Seele 
hat also fur sich erst Leben durch Geistes verleihung. Da aber auch den 
Tieren von der Schrift Seele, hebr. naphasch, zugeschrieben wird, so konnte 
man die seelische Gleich heit von Menschen und Tieren vermuten. Dies 
wurde ein Irrthum sein. Wie der Leib des Menschen durch einen beson- 
dern Schoepf ungsakt Gottes gebildet ist, der des Tieres aber nich, so ist zwar 
die tierische Seele auch eine Erscheinung des schoepferischen Gottesgeis- 
tes, aber sie ist nicht wie die menschliche Seele der Erscheinung des dem 
Menschen unmittelbar durch Gott selbst eingehauchten Geistes. Dass 



1. "In these words, God assigns, and points out to the newly-created 
man, the food suitable for him. It was plainly intended that he should 
subsist on vegetable food — herbs, grains, and fruits. These only were al- 
lowed to and used by man in his first estate. This abstinence from animal 
food is preserved in the traditions of all nations, as one of the characteris- 
tics of their golden age, or the age of innocence."— Te7TiZ>Z6 Catastrophe,, 
p. 325. 



92 Wlien Did the World Become a Habitable Earth f 

substance created in "the beginning") ''and behold, it 
ivas very good.'' ''And there ivas evening'' — tlie dark- 
ness which closed the fifth day, "and there teas morn- 
ing" — the light which introduced the next day, "the 
mxth day", "And the heavens and the earth were fin- 
ished, and all the hosts of them." 

' 'The first animals belong to the lower grades of the 
aquatic fauna. As we ascend in the geological series, xer- 
tebrate life has its commencement, begiiming like the lower 



a separate shoot, and itself a vine at the resurrection of the dead. But, be- 
fore that event, each bud in the vine, in virtue of the fact that it is a bud, 
must have an embodiment in the parent stoc/f, a germinal body in the glorified 
body of Christ."— GosjjeZ of the Remrrection, hi) Dr. J. M. Whiton,p.2m. 
Quoted in ''Evolution as Taught in the BiNe,''' pp. 48, 49. 

aber der Geist nich in der Seele aufgegangen, beweisenhiicht wenige Stellen 
der Schrift, z. B. Jes. 26, 9: 'Mit meiner Seele verlange ich nach dir bei 
Nacht, ja mein Geist in meinem Innern such dich,' und der Psalmist bittet 
51, 12: 'Und einen festen Geist erneuere in meinem Innern.'' Der Apostel 
schreibt 1. Thess. 5, 33: 'Und euer Geist ganz samt Seele und Leib musse 
unsti-afiich behalten werden, etc' Auch andere Stellen (I. Mos. 49:0; Ps. 
7:6; 16:9; 30:13. Hebr. 4:12; Tit. 3:5.) beweisen ohne Frage die Selbststandig- 
keit des Geistes und der Seele nebeneinader. Man wird demnach nicht 
fehlgehen, wenn man die Seele als Tragerin und Yermittlerin des Lebens 
ansieht, welches vom Geiste ausgeht; des halb sagt Tcrtullian: 'Die Seele 
ist der Leib des Geistes, und das Fleisch ist der Leib der Seele.' Delitzsch 
druckt dies so aus, dass er den Geist den Einhauch der Gottheit, die Seele 
den Aushauch des Geistes nennt. Er sagt: 'Der Geist ist das Innere der 

"Indem I. Mos. 2 das Seelenlcben im Menschen aus Gott nicht durch 
einen inneren Geistes process entsteht, sondern durch Leben anfachendes 
Hauchen Gottes, durch einen freien, naturhaft herausti-etenden Geistes 
act: ist der menschliche Geist nicht als ein unmittelbarer Ausfiuss aus dem 
goettlichen Wesen dargestellt oder als ein Theil des goettlichen Seyns, 
sondern als ein goettliches Werk (Sach. 12:1); anderer seits liegt im Hau- 
chen ein aus dem inneren Wesen geschopfter Act, und so ist der Mensehen- 
geist ein aiis Gott frei heransgesetztes, einuxsenhaft goettliches Princip in 
geschoepflicJier Existenz form; daher kann gesagt werden Hi. 33:4: 'Geist 



Hoic Did the Universe Originate} 93 

forms, in the waters, and represented at first only by the 
fishes ; * * * * In like manner, the Scripture 
record of creation, after stating the creation of lower forms, 
goes on to specify the gigantic reptilian animals * * 
termed Tanimin, and connects with them the birds, which, 
with allied winged reptiles, were the contemporaries in 
geological times. (1) 

' 'As we pass into the next creative seon, the Mammalia, 
* * * become dominant; * * * while 
in the introduction of the beasts of the earth, or carnivor- 
ous mammalia, we have the inauguration of an era, the 
later Tertiary, in which these assume the highest rank in 



Seele und die Seele ist das Auszere des Geistes. Der Wesensbestand des 
Menschen bestand also aus drei Konzentriscben Kreisen^ Der innerste 
war sein Geist, der innere seine Seele und der auszere sein Leib. Mit 
seinem Geiste lebte und webte der Menscb in Gottes Liebe; der Leib stand 
mittelst der Seele unter der Potenz dieses Liebeslicbts und war von da aus 
seiner Verklarung gewartigJ ""—Biblische Psychologies Biologie und Pandaga- 
gik, von Dr, Karl Fischer, pp. 6, 7, 8, 

Gottes bat micb gemacbt, Odemsweben (Nescbamab) des Macbtigen belebt 
niicb.' Die Menscbenseele entstelit nicbt durcb ein bios ausseres Befebls- 
wort Oder Macbtwort aus dem Geist des allgemeinen Erdlebens (aus deni 
goettlicben Naturgeist), wie die Tbierseele (I. Mos. 1:20, 24, vrgL 2), die, so 
von unten stammend, nacb unten wieder dabinfalirt, in das allgemeine 
Naturleben wieder ubergebt Pred, 3:21 (daber keine individuelle Fortexis- 
tenz); die Uranlage der Jlier^sc^ienseete wurzelt im Lebensgeist von obenber 
<Pred. 12:7), in supranaturaler Lebenskraft vermoege des durcb das goett- 
licbe Liebeswort von innen beraus vermittelten, goettlicben Geistesbaucb 
(I. Mos. 1:26; 2:7). Es ist der goettlich-person hdfte Geist, der Logos-Geist Oder 
der selbststandige, goettliche Vernunft-und Sprach-Geist, welcher in geschoepf- 
licher Abbildlichkeit (nicbt in goettbeitlicber Urbildlicbkeit) der menschli en 



1. ''Das Koerperlicbe wird ducb die Seele geistig individualisirt, wabi'end 
die ubrige Koerperwelt das Geistige nur im Ganzen als allgemeine Nutur- 
kraft, nicbt im Einzelnen als individuelle Lebens-Eigenscbaft bat; eben so 
wird das Geistige durcb die Seele Koerperlicb individualisirt, das beist, 
leibbaft, wabrend es mit unbeseelten Koerpern nicb als seinen besondern 



94 When Did the W^orld Become a Habitable Earth f 

nature. * * * Lastly in this long procession, 
Man appears, not the product of a separate day, but, in 
accordance with the revelation of geology, at the close of 
the same great period, in which the mammalia became dom- 
inant." (1) 

' 'Not until we enter ui)on the Tertiary period do we find 
flowers, amid which man might have profitably labored as 
a dresser of gardens, a tiller of fields, or a keeper of flocks 
and herds. Not, indeed, until late in this period is there 
any appearance of several orders and families of plants 
which are useful to man, and which contribute largely to 



Seele immanent ist aU selhststandiges Princxp ihres Lehens (vgl. Joh. 1:4:; 6:63; 
20:22), daher der Mensch Sohn Gottes ist in real genetisclien Sinn, in wesen- 
hafter Gleichartigkeit (Luk. 3:38. Acts 17:28, f.). Aus dieser im. goettlichen 
Vernunft-und Sprach-Geist wurzelnden Uranlage eines selbstandigen 
Geistes entsteht der menschlichen Seele zunachst ein Bewusstseyn von sich 
als Selbst, ein als Ich sicli centralisirendes Selhst beivusstseyn, wodurch sie 
nach ilirem innerlichen Selbstseyn von allem ihr Zugehoerigen und sie 
Umgebenden sicb unterscheidet in Selbst beobachtung und Selbst erkennt- 
niss," etc., etc.— Umriss der BiNischen Seeleidehre, von Prof. Dr. J. T. Bech, 
IW. 10, 11. 

Organen besonders verknupft ist, sondern nur sie als Tbeile Eines Ganzen 
bewegt. Daber ist z. B. das Pflanzeuleben tbeilbar, durcb Trennung in 
Ableger zu vermebren, wenn es nur niit der allgemeinen Xaturkraft in 
gesetz massiger Verbindung erbalten wird, well die Pflanze als unbeseelt 
Koerper und Lebensgeist nicbt individuell in sicb vereinigt; so bald sicb 
aber der Lebensgeist individuell dem Koerperlicben, und dieses sicb 
einverleibt, 'nie bei den Tbieren,wird das Leben als Seelenleben bezeicbnet, 
(I. Mos. 1:30; Rev. 8:9), und seine Tbeilung fubrt unvermeidlicb tbeilweises 
Oder totales Absterben des Lebens mit sicb."— jBibftscTje Seelenlehre, von 
Prof. Dr. J. T. Beck, p. 9. 



1. Di\ Dcnvson, in The Terrible Catastrophe or Biblical Deluge, etc., pp. 
296-298. 



How Did the Universe Originate f 95 

his pleasure. Among these orders, we may mention that of 
the Eosacese, to which gardeners invariably look with un- 
failing interest. It includes the apple, the pear, the cherry, 
the plum, the peach, the apricot, the nectarine, the rasp- 
berry, the strawberry ; nor ought we to omit reference to 
those delight-giving and useful flowers, roses and poten- 
tillas, the history of which commenced with that of man. 
It is no less remarkable that the true grasses, a still more 
important order, including the grain-giving plants, oats, 
barley, w^heat and others which sustain at least two-thirds 
of the human species, and which also, in their humable 
varieties, form the staple food of the grazing animals, do 
not appear until close on the human period. There are 
other plants, also, which add to man's comfort or gratify 
his senses, which are not found in the fossil state — lavender, 
mint, thyme, hyssop, basil, rosemary, majoram. They have 
apparently been introduced to prepare for man their varied 
fragrance and virtues. 

' 'There is distinct evidence of preparation for man in 
the distribution and adjustments of color, which alone must 
interest every student of the Bible and natural sciences. 
The very appearance of all things has been adapted to the 
human constitution." (1) 

' 'In whatever direction we survey the universe, we see 
that nothing is isolated, and no one thing exists without be- 
ing adjusted to other things. All is in the most perfect har- 
mony, and every thing perfectly answers the end for which 



1. Dr. Fraser, in Terrible Catastro2)he, pp. 335-327. 



9b' \Vhen Did the World Become a Habitable Earth ? 

it was made. Creation is a book written by the fingfer of 
God himself, and of which every page is filled to overflowing 
with illustrations of His wisdom ; it is a picture in which 
His goodness is painted in colors of perfect truth; it is a 
sculpturing in which His power is expressed in marvels of 
form and harmony. Nothing that could be added, or that 
could be withdrawn, Avould make creation more perfect 
than this." (1) 

Therefore well has America's greatest Geologist — Prof. 
James D. Dana, said: "In this succession — from, first, the 
lower animals, those that swarm in the waters, then creep- 
ing and flying species on the land ; then beasts and cattle ; 
and lastly man ; — we observe not merely an order of events, 
like that deduced from science ; there is a system in the ar- 
rangement, and a far-reaching prophecy, to which philos- 
ophy could not have attained, however instructed. The 
record of the Bible is, therefore, profoundly philosophical in 
the scheme of creation which it presents. It is both true 
and Divine." And which closes with the remarkable an- 
nouncement that God ''blessed the seventh day, and hal- 
lowed it ; because in it He rested from all His work which 
He had created and made." "Rested," how? "Rested," 
when? Did the planets cease to revolve and was the sun's 
light extinguished? Did the earth again fall back into its 
"waste and void" condition and was the darkness of the 
"deep" to re-envelope it again? Were the fishes in the seas, 
the flowers of field and meadow, the birds that fly in the 
air, th^ beasts that roam over dale and hill and mountain 

1. Br. Child, in the Terrible Cataastrophc, etc., pp. 328-329. 



How Did the Univey^se Originate % 97 

together with man, the crown of creation, — created to 
breathe, — hve and die, — all created for a moment, and then 
to perish and be no more? No! Never! iToiu then did the 
living and ever active God rest? We reply, simply from 
the standpoint of the infant race. In fact, the whole ac- 
count of creation is presented from the beginning to the 
end, as though man had been present, and had witnessed 
the various stages of the varied states of the development 
of the Universe and of the World. The early inhabitants, 
dwelling under and gazing at the stupendous greenhouse- 
roof which still canopied their earth, observed how that, 
because the rays of the sun could not penetrate the earth's 
surface, the clouds could not gather, the winds could not 
blow, a suspension must have taken place in the works of 
God. And it was because God ceased doing as he had here- 
tofore, — seemingly caused a suspension in His works, that 
the infant race said, God "rested from all His work" in the 
Adamic age which prepared for the Noachian; in the 
Noachian which prepared for the Mosaic; in the Mosaic- 
which prepared— indeed all of these together, for the Chris- 
tian age; and the Christian for the most momentous and 
comprehensive of all the ages, the Resurrection Age. (1) 

TO THEO DOXA. 



1. Unbelief, which is the wilful perversion of truths and facts, alone 
will gainsay the truths of the facts which are recorded in the foregoing 
account of creation as interpreted by the Scriptures.— T?^6 Auilior. 



INDEX 



Abrahamic People, The page 5. 

Adam, page 86 ; 88, Foot Note Also. 

Animal Species of Noah's Ark, The page 90 Foot Note. 

Archaean Age, The page 54. 

Asah, page 17, Foot Note Also ; 50 ; 75. 

Astronomers, page 29 ; 38 ; 48. 

Atheism, page 11 Foot Note. 

Atmosphere, page 53, Foot Note Also. 

Atom, page 15 Foot Note ; 19 Foot Note ; 21 Foot Note ; 27. 

Ayth, page 11; 18; 88. 

Bara, page 11; 15; 16 Foot Note; 17, Foot Note Also; 18; 77; 

82; 88. 
Beast, page 85, ff. ; 
Behibaream,*page 75. 
Belief, page 7; 8; 21 Foot Note; 31. 
Birds, page 77; 80, ff; 
Bohu, page 30. 
Book of God and Nature, The page 9 ; 77. 



100 ]\lien Did the World Become a Habitable Earth f 

Carbon, page 47 ; 52 Foot Note ; 53 Foot Note Also. 

Change of Climate, The page 60 ; 65 ; 73. 

Ohaos, page 33, Foot Note Also. 

Chemistry, page 13 ; 27, ff ; 44 Foot Note. 

Chemists, page 29. 

Christian Age, The page 97. 

Christian Fathers, The page 33 Foot Note. 

Christian Eeligion, The page 3-9. 

Chug, page 37, Foot Note Also. 

Comets, page 47 Foot Note. 

Continents, The page 63 Foot Note. 

Cosmogony, The page 6, Foot Note Also. 

Creation, The page 10, &: 12 Foot Note; 15, ff ; 17 Foot Note; 

18, Foot Note Also; 21; 33 Foot Note; 44; 46, fl; 78 Foot 

Note; 82; 85 Foot Note. 

Darwinism, page 62 Foot Note ; 80 Foot Note. 

Dasha. page 59. 

Day, Creative page 12 Foot Note ; 42, Foot Note Also ; 61 : 73 ; 

75 ff. 
Death, page 84 Foot Note. 

Deluge, The page 31 Foot Note ; 41. Foot Note Also. 
Design, page 34 ; 67. 
Doubt, page 7; 97. 
Dry Land, The page 40; 49. 

Earth, The page 11; 23; 25; 27; 32; 39, ff; 44; 47, fl; 51. ff; 

59, ff; Foot Note; 77, ff. 
Elements, Creation Of The page 11 ; 18 ; 21 ; 25. ff ; 28 ; 44, Foot 

Note Also ; 45 ; 60 Foot Note. 
Eminent Critics, page 17. 



Him' Did the Universe Originate ? 101 

Errors, page 8, 

Evolution, Theory Of page 20, ff ; 78 Foot Note ; 79 Foot Note. 

Fatalism, page 12 Foot Note. 
Firmament, The page 32, ff -, 52, ff ; 57; 83. 
Fowl, page 77, ff; 90, ff. 

Geologists, page 29 ; 48 ; 55 Foot Note. 

Geschlechtstafel Adams, Die page 89 ff. Foot Note. 

Glacial Age, The page 41 Foot Note. 

God, page 11, ff; 16, ff ; 21; 29; 31 Foot Note; 33 Foot Note; 

34; 44; 50, ff ; 59, ff ; 69, ff ; 77, ff ; 85, ff. 
Goettlichen Seins, Willen, Wort, page 14, ff, Foot Note. 
Gulf Streaiiis, The page 41. 
Granite, page 27 ; 53. 
Grass, Hei^bs, etc., page 55; 59; 65. 
Gravitation, The Law Of page 13; 14 Foot Note; 35 Foot 

Note; 70 Foot Note. 

Haarets, page 11 ; 51, 
Hashamajim, page 11; 51. 
Heaven, page 11 ; 51 ; 59 Foot Note. 
Human Soul, The page 86 Foot Note. 

Jesus Christ, page 9, 31 Foot Note ; 43 Foot Note ; 46. 

Language, page 5 ; 9 ; 14 ; 29 ; 32. 

Law Of Circularity, The page 34 ff. Foot Note Also. 

Laws and Forces of Nature, The page 14, ff ; 16 Foot Note ; 

21 Foot Note; 24; 34 ff. Foot Note; 44 Foot Note; 60 ff, 

Foot Note; 74 Foot Note. 
Lauwrentian Period, page 54. 



102 W7ie7i Did the World Become a Habitable Earth ? 

Liberty, Scientific, page 7; 21. 

Life, page 34; 35 Foot Note; 38; 60 Foot Note; 62 ff, Foot 

Note; 72 Foot Note; 77, Foot Note Also; 79, Foot Note 

Also; 82. 
Light, page 32; 42, Foot Note Also; 43 ff, Foot Note; 47; 51; 

52 Foot Note; 57; 69, ff ; 
Light-Bearere, The page 69, ff; 72, ff ; 74, ff. 
Logic, page 9 Foot Note, 34, Foot Note Also. 

Man, The Origin Of page 5; 9; 16; 17 Foot Note; 46; 86, Foot 
Note Also; 88, Foot Note Also. 

Mammals, page 41, Foot Note Also. 93. 

Materialism, page 12 Foot Note; 20 Foot Note. 

Mathematical Relations, page 21 Foot Note; 26, ff. 

Matter, page 13; 15; 16 Foot Note; 17 Foot Note; 19 Foot 
Note; 21, ff; 28; 32; 35 Foot Note; 39 Foot Note; 45 
Foot Note; 52; 61 Foot Note; 66 Foot Note; 76 Foot Note. 

Mearoth, page 69, Foot Note Also. 

Measure, Numbers, etc., page 21 Foot Note. 

Millenialism, page 38 Foot Note. 

Mind, page 60. 

Molecules, page 19, ff; 26. 

Moon, page 32; 46. 

Mountains, The Origin Of page 55 Foot Note; 56. 

Nations, Genesis Of page 5. 
Nebular Hypothesis, page 25; 51. 
Nothing, From page 33, Foot Note Also. 
Notes By The Author, page 6; 9; 12; 14; 19; 30; 31; 33; 34; 
38; 41; 43; 44; 45; 52; 63; 76; 77; 80; 90; 97. 



How Did the Universe Originate 'I 103 

Oceans, The page 40; 59, ff. 
Or, page 42, Foot Note Also. 
Oxygen, page 53, Foot Note Also. 

Pantheism, page 12 Foot Note. 

Peat-Formation, page 48; 53. 

Philosopher, page 5j 31. 

Plants, The page 33; 38j 40; 47, Foot Note Also; 49. 

Polytheism, page 11 Foot Note. 

Principles, First page 10; 34 Foot Note. 

Rakiya, page 50, Foot Note Also; 51 Foot Note. 

Rathschlusse Gottes, page 15 ff, Foot Note. 

Reason Of Man, The page 12 Foot Note; 31, Foot Note Also. 

Record Of Genesis, page 10 Foot Note; 11; 77. 

Reptiles, The page 83. 

Resting of God, The page 96 ff. 

Revelation, Its True Function page 10 Foot Note. 

Ruach, page 30, Foot Note Also. 

Schoepfung, Die page 13 ff, Foot Note; 87 ff, Foot Note. 
Science, page 6; 7; 8; 10; 14; 19 Foot Note; 21; 70 Foot Note; 

74 Foot Note; 80 Foot Note. 
Scriptures, The page 8, ff; 10; 15; 19; 32; 74. 
Sea-Monsters, page 16; 77, ff; 80, ff. 
Seas, page 40; 59 Foot Note Also; 77. 
Seele, Die Menschliche page 87 ff, Foot Note; 92 ff, Foot 

Note. 
Sin, Genesis Of, page 5. 
Soil, The page 55, 65. 
Solar Fire, The page 45, Foot Note Also; 46, ff. 



104 ^^^en Did the World Become a Habitable Earth f 

Solids Of The Earth, page 25. fE. 

Space, page 33; 45 Foot Note. 

Spirit Of God, The page 11; 30, Foot Note Also; 43. 

Sprechen Gottes, Das page 14 ff. Foot Note. 

Stones Of Art, page 57 Foot Note. 

Strata, page 37; 39, ff; 52, ff; 54, ff ; 65. ff ; 71. if. 

Substances, page 11; 13; 18; 25. ff; 37; 61 Foot Note. 

Sun, The page 38 Foot Note; 45; 70 Foot Note. 

Tertiary Period, page 94. 

Theologian, page 5; 29. 

Theories And Hypothesis, page 6. 

Thohu, page 30; 51. 

Thought, Liberty Of page 7. 

Tune, page 13; 19 Foot Note; 21 Foot Note; 33. 

Truth-Defined, page 9; Its Relation To Thought 9 Foot Note- 

Universe, The page 5; 9; 11; 13 fE; 21 Foot Note; 23; 29 fE; 
35; 39 ff; 42; 44 fE; 70 Foot Note; 88 Foot Note. 

Vav, page 31 Foot Note. 
Vegetation, page 59 ff; 65 ff. 
Vertebrates, page 81 Foot Note. 
Volcanoes, page 56. 

Weltall, Das page 13 ff. Foot Note. 
Winds, The Trade page 41. 
Word Of God, page 13; 18 Foot Note. 
Writers, etc., page 5. 

Yetser, page 17; 51. 

Zones, page 41., 



EVOLUTION. 

As Taught in The Bible. 

ILLUSTRATED AND CORROBORATED BY 

spencer, Darwin, HiLvJeij, TynclciU, Sayce, Midler, Vircliow, Rousseau Agasslz, 
Herr, Dawxon, Siriinfurth, Dana, Lyell, Peschel, Argyll, Miller, Brehm, Win- 
chell, Bac)\ Hinnlxihlt, Wallace, Beale, Orton, Morse, Hcckel, Mivart, 
Pfaf, Pasteur, ('oJoidiie, Ka)it, Strauss, Janet, lielmcnsnnder, Mor- 
ris, Campljcll, Wliiiton, Qurnstedt, Krauttt, 3/o)n//, Bucldand, 
(Elder, Calovius, Boardman, Lcivis, Druutntond, Vahntine, 
Thompson, Green, HoUazlous, Keil, Shedd, Armstrong, 
Hickok, Delitzsch, Etc., Etc. 

A PAMPHLET FOR THE TIMES, 

BY 

REV. G. C. H. HASSKARL, PH. D., 

Author of ^^The Word of God, Systematical and Daily, ^^ 

^^The Terrible Catastrophe, or Biblical Deluge, ^^ 

^'The Church's Triumph,'^ etc. 

JPMIGM, POST AG IE PAIJD, 25 CM NTS. 



WHAT IS SAID OF THE PAMPHLET: 
I like the spirit of the work. . . It sustains the 
truth of the Bible.— Prof. James D. Dana, LL. D., Yale 
College, Neiv Haven, Conn. 



The fundamental idea of the Pamphlet agrees with my 
own conviction. — Prof. Dr. Franz Delitzsch, Leipzig Uni- 
versity, Germany. 



The Pamphlet contains a large amount of valuable matter 
and useful references on the subject ; besides a philosophical 
argument by the author, based on true principles of science, 
religion, and common sense. — Principal Sir J. Wm. Dawson, 
C. M. G., LL. D., F. R. S., President of the British Associa- 
tion. 



106 



The author refutes— in a very courageous manner— not 
only all that which is implied in Darwinism ; but, shows also 
how that it is contrary to Natural and Profane History.— 
Prof. Dr. Ed. Xgenig, Leipzig University, Germany. 



The arrangement of the Pamphlet is unique, the authori- 
ties quoted are the most eminent, and the logic and philos- 
ophy of the author's arg-ument is irrefutable. 
The Pamphlet stands alone in the field of literature.— Rev. 
Prof. L. W. Hart, A. M., D. D., Brooklyn, N. Y. 



The Pamphlet commends itself very highly to every think- 
ing mind. . . Any person conscious of reason must 
enjoy the keen thrusts at the "philosophy of mud;" and 
every theist will catch inspiration from the emphasis given 
to the innnanence of God in nature. . . It is strong, 
very luminous and suggestive ; revealing a tireless ardor in 
research and an enviable capacity for combining the fruits 
of investigation.— Rev. Norman U. Skinner, A. M., of Union 
Theological Seminary, New York, N. Y. 



The Pamphlet is a very excellent production. 
The author has thereby rendered a great service to the many 
clergymen who desire to stand aright on the many isms of 
the times, particularly the theory of evolution, which in our 
day has become the ''pet'' theory of so many. We most 
heartily recommend the Pamphlet to all who desire light 
upon this subject.— Rev. F. P. Bender, A. M., Phila., Pa. 



The Pamphlet is a compend of scientific facts over 
against scientific assumptions. . . The evolutionary 



107 

origin of species is here crushed by an irrefutable array of 
authorities. It is such a niultum in parvo, and in so cheap 
a form, that every defender of the Bible should have it. — 
Eev. J. B. Reimensnyder, D. D., New York City. 



The Pamphlet is written with much ability, illustrated 
by a familiar acquaintance with the literature of the theme. 
— B. K. Peirce, D. D., m ^^Zion's Herald,^^ Boston, Mass. 



The Pamphlet will be found a clearly put and quite use- 
ful defense of theistic evolution.— T/?^e Moravian, 



There is only one kind of real evolution, and that we 
find revealed in Holy Scripture. True science can lead to no 
other result, as the author's skillful collocation of selections 
from writers of all shades of opinion strikingly illustrates.— 
Prof. Chas. A. Hay, D. D., Theological Seminary, Gettys- 
burg. 



We not only admire the earnestness of the author with 
which he confronts the infidelity of natural philosophers ; 
but also the decidedness with which he upholds the banner 
of Revealed Truth.— Prof. G. Fritschel, D. D., Mendota 
Theological Seminary, III. 



I am well versed on this subject ; but yet consider this 
Pamphlet the ablest production. It is the most condensed 
and the most striking of all. — Prof. Jos. Rechtsteiner, 
Wagner College, Rochester, N. Y. 



A carefully prepared Pamphlet from a scholarly pen. — 
Missionary Journal. 



108 

The author has in a very ingenious way, and not unfair, 
ly, employed the concessions of the Evolutionists to show 
that species are fixed. . . — Herald and Presbyter - 
Cincinnati. 



It is a valuable work. . . The testimonies are 
exceedingly forcible, . . and must have taken the 
author years to accumulate. — The National Baptist^ Phila., 
Pa. 



The arrangement of materials and plan of treatment are 
very unique and interesting. It will do good, — Pres. H. W.- 
McNiGHT, D. D., Pennsylvania College^ Gettysburg, Pa. 



The impression which the Pamphlet makes is very favor- 
able.— Prof. S. A. Ort, D. D., Pres. of Wittenberg College 
and Seminary. 



It is of interest to read the views of a large and brilliant 
array of natural philosophers, who, without being second to 
any one in the knowledge of nature," distinctly pronounce 
against a theory, which by its charming plausibility abstracts 
the imagination, often interferes with sober judgment, and 
is calculated to antagonize the highest aspirations of the 
human mind. — Prof. W. J. Mann, D. D., Philadelphia Sem- 
inary, Phila., Pa. 



This is really an interesting work, and will do good ser- 
vice. . . It is on the right side, and brings the sub- 
ject before the reader in a short space. — P. S. Davis, D. D., 
171 ^^ The Messenger." 



lOi) 

Any person interested in the question, will admire the 
diligence of the author, and enjoy the freshness which he 
succeeds in maintaining throughout the whole discussion. — 
Prof. C. W. Schaeffer, D. D., LL. D., in ''The Foreign 
3Ii\ssio)iarij.'- 



The work is of great apologetical value. —Prof. J. D. 
Severinghous, D. D., Chicago Theological Seminary, III. 



I am i^rofoundly pleased with the Pamphlet. — Prof, 
Wm. J. Simmons, D. D., Pres. of the Kentucky State IJyiiver- 
sity. 

The Pamphlet makes a very favorable impression.— 
Prof. M. Loy, D. D , Columbus, Ohio. 



The Pamphlet is sensible, healthy and eloquent. — Rev, 
T. B. PoTH, A. M., Uiica, N. Y. 



The citations are very incisive and interesting, — Joseph 
Cook, Boston, Mass. 



The quotations are very much to the point, and are well 
grouped to strengthen the argument. — The Workman, Pitts- 
burg, Pa. 



Its abstracts from the authors named are to the point 
and all wisely used. — Christian Standard, Cincinnati, 



In this interesting Pamphlet the author gives the Mosaic 
record of creation, and then cites the testimony of the most 



110 

eminent scientists and theologians of the world to confirm 
it. The Darwin theory of evolution is refuted by the high- 
est scientific authorities. . . The subject is present- 
ed in a very compact and striking manner. , . — 
The Lutheran Observer. 



The Pamphlet shows a wide range of reading on the part 
of the author. . . The Mosaic record that God made 
every plant and every animal to multiply or increase after 
its own kind only is shown to be in harmony with the uni- 
versal experience and observation of mankind. — Harticick 
Seminary Monthly. • 



The Pamphlet . . illustrates and corroborates 
the plain sense of the Bible statement concerning Creation 
and the continual supply of life upon the earth. It is a little 
encyclopaedia on the subject. — Prof. H. L. Baugher, D. D., 
in ''Augsburg Sunday-School Teacher.''^ 



Send your order to the author, Rev. G. C. H. HASS- 
KARL, or Lutheran Publication House, 42 North Ninth 
Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 



THE TE!^E\IBLE SATASTROPHE: 

—OR,— 

BIBLI0AL DELUGE, 

Illustrated and Corroborated hy MijtJwlogu, Tradition and Geologih to wliicli is 

Added a Brief Interpretation of the Creation, with Notes from 

Theologians, Philosopher^ and Scientists. 

By Rev. G. C. H, Hasskarl, Ph. D. ' 

Author of ''The Word of God, Systematical and Daily. '^ 

12 Mo , Cloth pp. 384. Price, postage paid, $2.00. 

The origin of tlie universe; the beginning of time and things; the cre- 
ation of the angels and the origin of Satan, of heaven and earth; the begin- 
ning of the six days' creation; the origin of light before the sun; the definition 
of the word day, as used in the creative week; the appearing of dry land; the 
variety of trees, herbs and grasses that furnish and adorn the earth; the 
appointment of the two great lights; the existence of the moving creature 
that hath life; the making of beasts and animals; the creation of man in the 
Image and Likeness of God; the location and planting of the Garden of 
Eden; the primitive Ethiopia; the making of woman; the immortality of the 
soul, and how immortal; the question whether human souls are created 
daily, answered; the importance of the Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowl- 
■edge of Good and Evil; the condition of man immediately after the creation; 
as well as the preservation of one family, and the destruction of a sinful world; 
the formation of the earth; the different strata; how, when and why the 
surface of the globe was changed; the varied fossils; when storms, volcanoes 
and earthquakes first made their appearance; the origin of rivers and moun- 
tains; how boulders were conveyed to distant places, and deserts originated; 
where animal and human remains are found, and where together; the caves 
in which domestic and war implements and graven pictures have been dis- 
covered; also, how Noah, his family, and all the animals were preserved; 
why the antedeluvians lived to an age that now seems incredible; and what 
the Myths and Traditions of all nations say concerning the Creation and 
the Deluge, are subjects of intense interest to all intelligent persons. In 
fact, these and a host of other questions, equally interesting and important, 
are answered in this volume. 



112 

The following are a few Extracts from Reviews and 
Letters as to the character and merits of this work : 

The matured opinions of the distinguished scholars are 
here presented in a form that is at once attractive and use- 
ful.— From Prof. C. W. ScHAEFFER, D. D., PJiUa., Pa. 



The work has received very complimentary reviews 
from church papers, and is warmly commended by able 
scholars. — From Indicator, of the Evang. Luth. Theological 
Seminary, Phila., Pa. 



The volume contains a gi^eat deal of important truth. 

The author is on the right side of the question. 

-From Prof. A. A. Hodge, D. D., LL. D., Princeton, N. J. 



The author has certainly got together a strong body of 
arguments and authorities. — From The Churchman, N. Y. 



The work is from an entirely new standpoint. — From 
The Pastoral Visitor. 



The work is full of suggestive thought. — From Prof. M. 
Valentine, D. D., LL. D., Gettysburg, Pa. 

The volume contains a vast amount of material new to 
many biblical students.— From The Lutheran Observer. 

The author is an industrious reader, a thoughtful stu- 
dent, and a chaste and interesting writer, who has here 



113 

collected from various sources many valuable facts. — From 
Prof. H. E. Jacobs, D. D., in the Lutheran Review. 



There is a great mass of exceedingly interesting and 
curious material gathered together in this volume, which no 
one can read without profit. — From The Workman^ Pitts- 
burg, Pa, 

The book is quite a store-house of illustrations and con- 
firmations of Scripture statements drawn from all sources, 
heathen and Christian, ancient and modern, philosophical, 
scientific and religious. These illustrations and confirma- 
tions are so varied that some of them are quite plain to the 
most ordinary comprehension, whilst others will be appre- 
ciated by only the closely reasoning mind. The matter com- 
prised in this book is calculated to dispel doubt, and to con- 
firm simple faith. It is a valuable book for reference. — 
From H. L. Baugher, D. D., Professor of the Greek Lan- 
guage and Literature in Pennsylvania College. 



The author gives to the Scriptural terms their most ob- 
vious meaning. — From The Sunday -School World. 



The work has been prepared with painstaking care, and 
presents the results of an extended research in a clear and 
instructive way. It shows how fully science has confirmed 
the Bible, and will help to dispel doubts, and fortify believers 
agamst the objections of cavilers.^ — From Prof. W. H. Mc- 
NiGHT, D. D., President of Pennsylvania College, Gettys- 
burg, Pa. 



114 

The author has grappled with his subject with giant 
strength. — From The Lutheran Evangelist, Springfield, O. 



An appaHing list of authorities has been consulted. 
From Prof. K J. Wolf, D. D. 



Whatever may in any wise be brought in connection 
with the subjects, or imagined to have such connection, is 
here discussed. — The Lutheran. 



We are astonished at the amount of information the 
author has brought together on this all important subject. — 
From Prof. A. Spaeth, D, D., Philadelphia Seminary. 



The Terrible Catastrophe is a work of great value, and 
one that will commend itself to ministers, teachers, and the 
educated generally. — From Prof. H. H. Brownmiller. 



The work is a valuable contribution to literature. — From 
Prof. Thos. G. Gentry, M. A., Phila.. Pa. 



Mr. H. has certainly brought a good deal of earnest 
study to bear on his book. To explain it satisfactorily, and 
to gather this evidence from mythology, tradition and 
geology, and place in it clear strength before the modern 
reader, has been the object of the book produced. — From 
The Times, Philadelphia. Pa. 



Th« impression which Eev. Mr. H."s work on The Ter. 
rible Catastrophe makes is, that whenever it may be thought 



115 

that either science or the Bible may be mistaken, the reader 
may rest assured that the mistake will be found on the part 
of science. His work is new, original, scientific and Scrip- 
tural; and an invaluable treasury in every library. — From 
The Middletoion Press. 



This volume {The Terrible Catastrophe) deserves to be 
in every family, school and seminary library. We know of 
no work in any language, in all the bounds of sacred and 
secular literature, which is calculated to exert a more whole- 
some and beneficial influence on young and old than this 
work. — From Harrisburg Telegraph. 



Send your order to the author. Rev. Gt. C. H. HASS- 
KARL, or Lutheran Publication House, 42 North Ninth 
Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 



THE CHURCH'S TRIUMPH 

—IX THE— 

FORMATION AND ADOPTION 

—OF THE— 

AUGSBURG CONFESSION, 

TOGETHER WITH NOTES FROM 

The Most Eminent Authorities: 

—AND A— 

€o7¥ipIeie Analysis of the Confession JBy 
EEV. G. C. H. HASSKAEL, PH. D. 

Author of ""The Word of God, Systematical and Daily,'''' ""The Terrible Catas- 
trophe, or Biblical Deluge,'''' ''Evolution as Taught in the Bible,'''' etc. 

' WHAT IS SAID OF THE PAMPHLET: 

The History of the Confessson is excellent. — Prof. S. A. 
Ort, D. D. 



The Pamphlet is an able and excellent work. — Rey. H. 
C. HOLLOWAY, D. D. 



The Pamphlet is cleserYing of wide circulation. — Rey, 
Prof. J. Rechtsteixer. 



117 

The Pamphlet is deserving of many thoughtful readers. 
—Prof. W. J, Mann, D. D., LL. D, 



The Pamphlet is well adapted for general circulation 
among the people. — The Lutheran Observer. 



We welcome the Pamphlet with joy. The analysis is 
excellent.— Prof. M. GtUenther, St Louis, Mo. 



The Pamphlet is highly appreciated by the Professors 
and Students of our Seminary. — Prof, Chas. A. Hay, D. D, 



The History of the Confession is accurate, and the an- 
alysis of the articles is simple. — Prof. F, Lutz,, w Kircheii- 
blatt, loiva. 



The Pamphlet contains valuable extracts in foot notes 
from eminent authors. — Prof. M. Loy, D. D., m Lutheran 
Standard. 



The Pamphlet is interesting and instructive, indicating 
careful research, sound judgment and a fervent spirit. — 
Prof. C. W. Schaeffer, D. D., LL. D. 



Many a pastor will, in spirit, gratefully clasp hands with 
the author for the most excellent analysis ;— f or enabling him 
to grasp firmly the doctrinal contents of each article. ^Prof, 
S. Fritschel, D. D. 



The introduction is so good, and the analysis so simple, 
that we are well persuaded that this treatise merits and we 



118 

hope it may receive wide circulation. — B. M, Schmucker, 
D. D., in The Lutheran. 



' 'The Pamphlet will prove very convenient and useful 
to those who are anxious to have in a concise form an out- 
line of the history and the contents of our precious Augus- 
tana." — Prof. A. Speath, D. D. 



I heartily recommend the Pamphlet to every Lutheran 
family in the land. . . There is nothing like it in 
the Enghsh language. . . I hope that edition will 
follow edition in quick succession. — Eev. A. C. Wedekind, 



The Analysis ought to be very serviceable not only to 
English but also to G-erman readers, for the clear compre- 
hension of the confessional and doctrinal kernel ; for, the 
more exact and sharp conception of its contents is essentially 
facilitated. — Prof. G. Fritschel, D. D., in Kirchliche 
Zeitschrift. 

It was with great pleasure and interest that we have 
read this Pamphlet. . . It certainly required care- 
ful reading and systematic study on the part of the author 
to be able to present and treat the subject with such skilL 
We hope that it may soon be found in every 
Lutheran family. — Indicator of the Philadelphia Theological 
Seminary. 



The Pamphlet is interesting and accurate. 
It is well calculated to accomplish the end at which the 
author aimed in its preparation, viz: "to set forth more 



119 

prominently and clearly the doctrines that have always in- 
spired the life of the Christian Church ; and to awaken a new 
interest in the priceless treasures that are the heritage of the 
Lutheran Church." — The Workman. 



The analysis of the Augsburg Confession, is in my mind, 
the most complete compendium of the text of that illustrious 
Confession that I have ever seen. I have read it over several 
times with interest and great satisfaction. . . The 
Pamphlet contains an array of authorities and a range of 
investigation that impress me with the patient and diligent 
research which the author had to undergo to bring forth 
such a valuable production. — Rev. A. W. Lilly, D. D. 



Send your order to the author, Rev. G. C. H. HASS- 
KARL, or Lutheran Publication House, No. 42 North Ninth 
Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 



The Sanctuary, 

ITS ORIGIN, DESIGN AND IMPORTANCE: 

— OR— 

Reasons Why Sanctuaries are Kecessary, the 
Style 01 Architecture which the Lutheran 
Church Should 0]:serve, and the Terri- 
tory wherein Lutheranism should 
Expand to its Grandest Future. 

BY REV. G. 0. H. HASSKARL. PH. D., 

Author of "The Terrible Catastrophe or Bibhcal Dehige/' 

etc.; "Evolution, as Taught in The Bible;'' 

''The Church's Triumph,'' etc. 

PRICE, POSTAGE PAID, 15 CENTS. 



WHAT IS SAID OF THE ADDRESS: 

The Address is published by request of SjTiod — which 
pronounces it an ' 'able and exhaustive Address on Church 
Extension,' and this judgment the author well sustains. — 
The Lutheran Observer. 



The Address is excellent. It couldn't be better. It is 
not only well wrought out. but very suggestive. — Rev. H. 
H. Weber, General Secretary of the Board of Church Ex- 
tension of the General Synod of the Evang. Luth. Church. 



121 

The Address is excellent, full of useful instruction con- 
cerning the uses and adaptations of houses of worship, etc. 
The pains-taking author has done himself credit, as he al- 
ways does in his researches and literary productions.— Rev. 
M. Sheeleigh, D. D., ill the Lutheran Sunday- School Herald, 



I have read the Address with much pleasure and profit- 
It is an earnest and stirring plea in the interest of Church 
Extension, and its reading ought to effect a deeper interest 
in the work of Home Missions. You have put the Church 
under many obligations for the faithful presentation of this 
subject. — Rev. B. M. Kemerer, President of Home Missions 
in the Pittsburg Synod. 

In this timely Address the author stirs his hearers to a 
realization of the necessity of erecting church buildings for 
the purpose of worship. He adduces arguments from history^ 
from Grod's command, from actual results, from incidental 
results, in support of his position, etc.^The Lutheran. 

• 

I read the truths, so well and truthfully presented, with 
much interest; and hope they may work, with the divine 
blessing, for the end had in view ; the extension of the Great 
Redeemer's Kingdom. — ^Rev. Prof. F. A. Muhlenberg, D.. 
D., LL. D., President of the Board of Home Missions of the 
Ministerium of Pennsylvania. 

The Address will convince the most skeptical that it is 
not sufficient to worship Grod amid the trees of the forest 
and beneath the blue dome of the world's cathedral, but that 
the Holy ^Scriptures intimate, both by the most ancient 



^ 



122 

practice of the Jews and by the direct command of God, 
that becoming sanctuaries should be erected, wherein God 
may be pubHcly and appropriately worshipped. — Indicator 
of The Theological Seminary of Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa, 

Your sermon is well conceived and well executed. It is 
logical in its arrangement ; and its arguments, whether his- 
torical, or mandatory, or practical are clear and to the point. 
I like your idea about Gothic style, as being eminently suit- 
able to our own worship. — Rev. Prof. C. W. Schaeffer, D. 
D., LL. D. 

I need not say, that the missionary spirit, from which 
your address emanates, meets with my hearty approval. — 
Rev. Prof. W. J. Mann, D. D., LL. D. 

Your Address bears reading, once and again; it gains 
thereby.— Rev. Prof. L. W. Hart, Brooklyn, N. Y. 



Send your order to either the author. Rev. G. C H. 
HASSKARL, or Lutheran Publication House, 42 North Ninth 
Street, Philadelphia, Pa. ^MC^ 



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